核桃青皮及其提取物对黄羽肉仔鸡肠道形态、黏膜抗氧化性能及微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在探究添喂核桃青皮及其25%乙醇溶液提取物对黄羽肉仔鸡肠道形态、黏膜抗氧化性能及微生物多样性的影响。选取144只1日龄雄性黄羽肉鸡，随机分为3组，每组12个重复，每个重复4只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%的核桃青皮原粉和核桃青皮提取物，饲养至70日龄。试验结束后从每个重复中随机挑选1只，屠宰后取小肠，分别测定十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度；刮取十二指肠黏膜，测定总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、铜锌型超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-SOD）、锰型超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性；取回肠内容物，采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析肠道微生物多样性及相对丰度的差异。结果显示，与对照组相比，添加核桃青皮及其提取物对黄羽肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值均无显著影响（P>0.05）；对十二指肠黏膜T-SOD、CuZn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT的活性及T-AOC均无显著影响（P>0.05）；添加核桃青皮及其提取物后，回肠微生物物种数显著提高（P=0.05），微生物多样性指数和物种丰富度指数明显增加，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠菌群在门水平上主要是厚壁菌门，超过总细菌的99%。添加核桃青皮粉及其提取物使厚壁菌门丰度明显下降，而拟杆菌门的丰度明显增加，但均差异不显著（P>0.05）。乳杆菌属是对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠菌群最主要的属，平均占71%。添加核桃青皮及其提取物后，肠道中的乳杆菌属的相对丰度有所下降（P>0.05），对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠中以鸟乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、敏捷乳杆菌、果囊乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌为主要的已知菌种，添加核桃青皮原粉及其提取物后鸟乳杆菌的丰度显著增加（P<0.05），添加核桃青皮提取物后敏捷乳杆菌的丰度显著增加（P<0.05）。由此可见，在黄羽肉仔鸡饲粮中添加1%核桃青皮或其提取物不影响肠道形态结构和黏膜抗氧化能力，但肠道微生物多样性和物种丰富度提高，有益菌鸟乳杆菌和敏捷乳杆菌丰度增加。

关键词: 核桃青皮; 黄羽肉仔鸡; 肠道形态结构; 微生物多样性; 16S rDNA高通量测序

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of walnut green husk and its extract extracted with 25% ethanol on intestinal morphology,mucosal antioxidant activity and microbial diversity of Yellow-feather broilers.144 1-day-old male Yellow-feather broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 replicates in each group and 4 chickens in each replicate.The control group was fed with basic diet,and the experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed the basic diet with 1% walnut green husk powder or the extract until 70 days old.At the end of the experiment,one chicken was randomly selected and sacrificed from each replicate,small intestine was taken,and villi height and crypt depth of duodenum,jejunum and ileum were measured.The activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD),copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD),manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD),total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC),catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) in duodenal mucosa were measured.All ileal contents of each chicken were collected and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences of intestinal microbial diversity and relative abundance.The results showed that,compared with the control group,adding walnut green husk and its extract had no significant effect on villus height,crypt depth and villus height/crypt depth ratio of duodenum,jejunum and ileum (P>0.05).The activities of T-SOD,CuZn-SOD,Mn-SOD,CAT and T-AOC of duodenal mucosa were not significantly affected (P>0.05).After adding walnut green husk and its extract,the number of observed microbial species in ileum increased significantly (P=0.05),the index of microbial diversity and species richness somewhat increased (P>0.05).Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in ileum of broiler in control group,more than 99% of the total bacteria.The addition of walnut green husk and its extract somewhat decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes,and increased that of Bacteroidetes,but the differences were not significant (P>0.05).Lactobacillus,the dominant genus in the ileum of Yellow-feather broilers in control group,accounting for 71% on average,somewhat decreased by walnut green husk and the extract (P>0.05).Lactobacillus aviarius,Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus agilis,Lactobacillus ingluviei and Lactoba cillus reuteri were the dominant species in the ileum of Yellow-feather broilers in control group.The abundance of Lactobacillus aviarius was significantly increased after adding walnut green husk and the extract (P<0.05),and the Lactobacillus agilis was significantly increased after adding the extract (P<0.05).It could be concluded that adding 1% walnut green husk or its extract to broiler diet did not affect intestinal morphology and mucosal antioxidant capacity,but intestinal microbial diversity and species richness increased,and the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus aviarius and Lactobacillus agilis increased.

Key words: walnut green husk; Yellow-feather broiler; intestinal morphology; microbial diversity; high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA

中图分类号:

S831.5

李文菁, 魏凯敏, 张少秋, 陈勇. 核桃青皮及其提取物对黄羽肉仔鸡肠道形态、黏膜抗氧化性能及微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(6): 2056-2065.

LI Wenjing, WEI Kaimin, ZHANG Shaoqiu, CHEN Yong. Effects of Walnut Green Husk and Its Extract on Intestinal Morphology,Mucosal Antioxidant Activity and Microbial Diversity of Yellow-feather Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(6): 2056-2065.

参考文献

[1] CHENG G,HAO H,XIE S,et al.Antibiotic alternatives:The substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry?[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2014,5:217.
[2] 李秀凤.核桃青皮的成分与药理研究进展[J].食品科技,2007,32(4):241-242. LI X F.Progress of research on the chemical components and pharmaceutical action of walnut green husk[J].Food Science and Technology,2007,32(4):241-242.(in Chinese)
[3] 曹丽娟,张旭,陈朝银,等.核桃青皮的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(18):4629-4633. CAO L J,ZHANG X,CHEN C Y,et al.Research on the chemical components and pharmaceutical actions of walnut green husk[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(18):4629-4633.(in Chinese)
[4] 吴莹.核桃青皮提取物抑菌活性及其对肉用仔鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2017. WU Y.Antibacterial activity of walnut green husk extracts and its effect on production performance of broilers[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[5] 张少秋,王峰,李文菁,等.核桃青皮及其提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2019,42(6):412-417. ZHANG S Q,WANG F,LI W J,et al.Effects of walnut green husk and its extract on laying performance and egg quality in the late laying period[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2019,42(6):412-417.(in Chinese)
[6] 中华人民共和国农业部.黄羽肉鸡饲养管理技术规程:NY/T 1871-2010[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2010. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.Feeding management regulation of yellow-feathered chicken:NY/T 1871－2010[S].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[7] 周建民,付宇,王伟唯,等.饲粮添加果寡糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、营养素利用率、血清生化指标和肠道形态结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(4):1806-1815. ZHOU J M,FU Y,WANG W W,et al.Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on performance,utilization of nutrients,serum biochemical indices and intestinal morphology of aged laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(4):1806-1815.(in Chinese)
[8] SÁENZ J S,ROLDAN F,JUNCA H,et al.Effect of the extraction and purification of soil DNA and pooling of PCR amplification products on the description of bacterial and archaeal communities[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2019,126(5):1454-1467.
[9] XU Z R,HU C H,XIA M S,et al.Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities,intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(6):1030-1036.
[10] 魏建东.天然植物提取物对肉鸡生产性能、代谢性能和肠道健康影响的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012. WEI J D.Effects of plant extracts on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and intestinal health of broiler chickens[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[11] 苏俊玲,史彬林,岳远西,等.丝兰提取物对肉仔鸡消化代谢功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3284-3291. SU J L,SHI B L,YUE Y X,et al.Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on digestive and metabolic functions of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(10):3284-3291.(in Chinese)
[12] SLATNAR A,MIKULIC-PETKOVSEK M,STAMPAR F,et al.Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in kernels,oil and bagasse pellets of common walnut (Juglans regia L.)[J].Food Research International,2015,67:255-263.
[13] 马菁菁,王蕾,李翔宇,等.核桃青皮提取物替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2020,43(1):54-61. MA J J,WANG L,LI X Y,et al.Effects of extracts from walnut green husk substituting feed antibiotics on growth performance and antioxidant performance of Yellow feather broilers[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2020,43(1):54-61.(in Chinese)
[14] PEDROSO A A,LEE M D.The Composition and Role of the Microbiota in Chickens[M].Wageningen:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2015.
[15] 李旻.人体肠道菌群结构与宿主代谢的相关性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009. LI M.Co-variation analysis of human gut microbial structure and host global metabolism[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[16] MARCOBAL A,BARBOZA M,SONNENBURG E D,et al.Bacteroides in the infant gut consume milk oligosaccharides via mucus-utilization pathways[J].Cell Host & Microbe,2011,10(5):507-514.
[17] WANG C H,YANG S X,GAO L,et al.Carboxymethyl pachyman (CMP) reduces intestinal mucositis and regulates the intestinal microflora in 5-fluorouracil-treated CT26 tumour-bearing mice[J].Food & Function,2018,9(5):2695-2704.
[18] LIM S M,CHOI H S,KIM D H.The mixture of anemarrhena asphodeloides and coptis chinensis attenuates high-fat diet-in duced colitis in mice[J].The American Journal of Chinese Medicine,2017,45(5):1033-1046.
[19] LEE W T,TUNG Y T,WU C C,et al.Camellia oil(Camellia oleifera Abel.) modifies the composition of gut microbiota and alleviates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2018,66(28):7384-7392.
[20] DUMONCEAUX T J,HILL J E,HEMMINGSEN S M,et al.Characterization of intestinal microbiota and response to dietary virginiamycin supplementation in the broiler chicken[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(4):2815-2823.
[21] LU J,IDRIS U,HARMON B,et al.Diversity and succession of the intestinal bacterial community of the maturing broiler chicken[J].Applied and Environ-mental Microbiology,2003,69(11):6816-6824.
[22] CARIO E,GERKEN G,PODOLSKY D K.Toll-like receptor 2 controls mucosal inflammation by regulating epithelial barrier function[J].Gastroenterology,2007,132(4):1359-1374.
[23] YAMASHIRO Y.Gut microbiota in health and disease[J].Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,2017,71(3-4):242-246
[24] VENTURI A,GIONCHETTI P,RIZZELLO F,et al.Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation:Preliminary data on mainte-nance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis[J].Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics,1999,13(8):1103-1108.