香芹酚和百里香酚对断奶仔猪结肠微生物的影响研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.12.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在研究日粮添加香芹酚和百里香酚对断奶仔猪结肠微生物群落结构和代谢通路的影响。选取28日龄、体重8.5 kg±1.0 kg断奶仔猪64头，随机分为4组，每组16个重复，每个重复1头猪。A组（对照组）饲喂基础日粮＋抗生素，B组饲喂基础日粮＋20 g/t香芹酚，C组饲喂基础日粮＋20 g/t百里香酚，D组饲喂基础日粮＋20 g/t香芹酚-百里香酚混合物（质量比2：1）。试验期30 d。基于Illumina HiSeq测序平台，利用双末端测序（Paired-End）的方法进行测序。通过对OTUs聚类，进行物种注释及丰度分析；进一步进行α多样性、β多样性分析及显著物种差异分析和功能基因预测分析。结果显示：①各试验组结肠微生物多样性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；②D组结肠中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01），显著高于B和C组（P<0.05），拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度显著高于对照组和C组（P<0.05），Epsilonbacteraeota、螺旋体门（Spirochaetes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。D组结肠中弯曲杆菌属（Campylobacter）相对丰度极显著低于对照组（P<0.01），D组理研菌科RC9肠道群（Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group）相对丰度显著高于B组（P<0.05），D组罗斯氏菌属（Roseburia）相对丰度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01），D组螺杆菌属（Helicobacter）相对丰度极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）；③D组结肠微生物脂质代谢水平极显著高于对照组（P<0.01），结肠微生物碳水化合物代谢、其他次生代谢物的生物合成和其他氨基酸代谢水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05），结肠微生物能量代谢水平极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。综上，在本试验条件下，断奶仔猪日粮中添加20 g/t的香芹酚-百里香酚混合物，改善了断奶仔猪结肠微生物群落结构，结肠中有益菌的相对丰度提高，有害菌的相对丰度降低，促进了结肠微生物的代谢功能。

关键词: 香芹酚; 百里香酚; 断奶仔猪; 结肠微生物结构; 微生物代谢功能

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of carvacrol and thymol on the relative abundance of colonic microorganisms in weaned piglets and their metabolic pathways.A total of sixty four 28-day-old (8.5 kg±1.0 kg) weaned piglets were divided into 4 groups with 16 replicate of 1 piglet:Group A (control group,basal diet),group B (basal diet＋20 g/T carvacrol),group C (basal diet＋20 g/T thymol),and group D (basal diet＋20 g/T carvacrol-thymol blend (mass ratio 2:1)).The experiment lasted 30 d.The sequencing was taken based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform,and using paired-end sequencing (Paired-End) method.Perform species annotation and abundance were analysized by clustering OTUs,and alpha diversity analysis、beta diversity analysis、significant species difference analysis and functional gene prediction analysis were further conducted.The results showed as follow:①The colonic microorganisms biodiversity of the experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).②The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the colon of group D was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01),significantly higher than groups B and C (P<0.05),the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher than that of control group and group C (P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Epsilonbacteraeota,Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria were extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01).The relative abundance of Campylobacter in the colon of group D was extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01),that of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in group D was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.05),that of Roseburia in group D was extremely significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.01),that of Helicobacter was extremely significantly lower than that of group A (P<0.01).③The lipid metabolism level of colonic microorganisms in group D was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01),and colonic microbial carbohydrate metabolites,biosynthetic of other secondary metabolites and other amino acid metabolism level were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05),and energy metabolism level of colonic microorganisms was extremely significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01).In conclusion,under the condition of this experiment,dietary supplementation with 20 g/t carvacrol-thymol improved the microbial community structure of colonic microorganisms in weaned piglets.The relative abundance of colonic beneficial bacteria was increased,the relative abundance of colonic harmful bacteria was decreased,and positively affected the metabolic function of colonic microorganisms.

Key words: carvacrol; thymol; weaned piglets; colonic microflora; microbial metabolic function

中图分类号:

S816.7

刘仲昊, 郑梓, 陈亮, 李宁, 李千军, 穆淑琴, 闫峻. 香芹酚和百里香酚对断奶仔猪结肠微生物的影响研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(12): 3897-3908.

LIU Zhonghao, ZHENG Zi, CHEN Liang, LI Ning, LI Qianjun, MU Shuqin, YAN Jun. Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol on Colonic Microorganisms in Weaned Piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(12): 3897-3908.

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