高寒草甸草地天然放牧场不同月份牧草营养价值评价

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在探讨青海省玉树州高寒草甸草地天然放牧场不同月份（7月－12月）牧草营养价值动态变化。选取当地典型的放牧草场从2017年7月－2017年12月的每月中旬跟踪放牧牦牛模拟采集可食性牧草，并采用常规营养成分测定和体外发酵技术，进行48 h体外发酵产气量（GP）、体外干物质消失率（IVDMD）及发酵液相关指标的测定，综合评价每个月份牧草的营养价值，为当地放牧草场牧草价值提供基础数据。结果表明，牧草中粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、灰分（Ash）、中性洗涤可溶物（NDS）含量、消化能（DE）和代谢能（ME）及IVDMD在7、8月与其他月份均有极显著差异（P < 0.01），在11月、12月处于较低值，而中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和半纤维素（HC）的含量在11、12月均极显著高于其他月份，在7、8月处于较低值。发酵液pH、氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度在不同月份的牧草之间无显著差异（P > 0.05），GP、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量均随牧草营养品质的变化而变化，不同月份之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05），7、8月份牧草体外发酵液的GP、戊酸含量均极显著高于其他月份（P < 0.01），11月份均极显著低于其他月份（P < 0.01）。发酵液TVFA含量在不同月份之间无显著差异（P > 0.05），但7、9月份偏高。综上所述，当地典型高寒草甸草场的牧草在7、8月份营养品质优良，10－12月份牧草营养品质偏低，不能满足牦牛的营养需要，故建议牧民在枯黄期对牦牛进行精准补饲，合理利用草场资源。

关键词: 体外发酵; 牧草; 营养价值; 体外干物质消失率

Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to explore dynamic changes in the nutritional value of forage in alpine meadow grassland natural pastures in different months (July to December) in Yushu county of Qinghai province.From July 2017 to the middle of December 2017,a typical local grazing grassland was selected to track and graze yaks to simulate the collection of edible forage.And conventional nutritional content determination and in vitro fermentation technology were used to measure the gas production (GP),digestibility of dry matter in vitro (IVDMD) and other indicators of 48 h.The nutritional value of forage in each month was comprehensively evaluated to provide basic data for pasture value.The results showed that the content of crude protein (CP),crude fat (EE),Ash,neutral washing soluble matter (NDS) and digestive energy (DE),metabolic energy (ME),IVDMD of forage in July and August were extremely significantly different than other months (P < 0.01),and they were low in November and December.While the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF),acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose (HC) were extremely significant higher in November and December than other months (P < 0.01),and at low level in July and August.The pH and NH₃-N concentration of rumen fluid in different months had no significant difference (P > 0.05).The GP and the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were significantly different between different months(P < 0.05),the value of GP and VFA in July and August were extremely significantly higher than other months (P < 0.01),and were extremely significantly lower in November than in other months (P < 0.01).The concentration of total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) had no significant difference among different months (P > 0.05),but the value was higher in July and September.In summary,the pastures of the typical alpine meadow pastures had good nutritional quality in July and August,but the nutritional quality of pastures were low from October to December,which could’t meet the nutritional needs of grazing yaks.The accurate feeding herders and rational use of grassland resources was recommended to promote the development of local animal husbandry.

Key words: fermentation in vitro; forage; nutritional value; digestibility of dry matter in vitro

中图分类号:

S812.8

张群英, 周义秀, 郝力壮, 刘书杰. 高寒草甸草地天然放牧场不同月份牧草营养价值评价[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(4): 1070-1079.

ZHANG Qunying, ZHOU Yixiu, HAO Lizhuang, LIU Shujie. Evaluation of Forage Nutritional Value in Alpine Meadow Grassland Natural Pastures in Different Months[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(4): 1070-1079.

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