组蛋白乙酰化修饰及其在DNA损伤修复调控作用中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 组蛋白乙酰化修饰作为一种精细的表观遗传学修饰机制，在生命的许多层面上发挥着至关重要的调控作用。这种修饰不仅调控了基因的表达水平和染色质的三维空间结构，而且在DNA损伤修复这一核心生物过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色。DNA损伤修复过程是细胞用来清除DNA分子内的有害错误或损伤的复杂生物学反应，它确保了基因组的完整性和功能性。该修复过程中包含了多种不同的途径，如直接修复(direct repair,DR)、碱基切除修复(base excision repair,BER)、核苷酸切除修复(nucleotide excision repair,NER)、错配修复(mismatch repair,MMR)以及DNA双链断裂修复(double strand break repair,DSBR)等。DNA双链断裂(DNA double-strand breaks,DSBs)是最为常见且对基因组稳定性影响最大的一种损伤。随着研究的深入，发现组蛋白乙酰化可以通过影响与DNA损伤修复相关的酶的募集和活性来参与多种修复途径,从而从表观遗传水平动态维护基因组稳定。为了更好地理解组蛋白乙酰化在DNA损伤修复中的作用，作者对DNA损伤类型进行了分类，并整理了与之有关的组蛋白乙酰化位点,其中重点关注了组蛋白H3和H4的乙酰化位点在DNA损伤修复中所起到的调控作用，为相关细胞表型调控与研究提供参考依据。

关键词: 组蛋白; 乙酰化修饰; 去乙酰化修饰; DNA损伤修复; 表观修饰

Abstract: Histone acetylation,as a delicate epigenetic modification mechanism,plays a crucial regulatory role at many levels of life.This modification not only regulates the expression level of genes and the three-dimensional spatial structure of chromatin,but also plays an indispensable role in DNA damage repair,a core biological process.The DNA damage repair process is a complex biological response that cells use to remove harmful errors or damage within the DNA molecule,ensuring the integrity and functionality of the genome.The repair process involves a variety of different pathways,such as direct repair (DR),base excision repair (BER),nucleotide excision repair (NER),mismatch repair (MMR),and double strand break repair (DSBR),etc.DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most common and have the greatest impact on genome stability.With the deepening of research,it has been found that histone acetylation can participate in multiple repair pathways by affecting the recruitment and activity of enzymes related to DNA damage repair,thereby dynamically maintaining genome stability at the epigenetic level.In order to better understand the role of histone acetylation in DNA damage repair,the types of DNA damage were classified,and the histone acetylation sites related to them were sorted out,focusing on the regulatory role of histone H3 and H4 acetylation sites in DNA damage repair,which provided a reference for the regulation and research of related cell phenotypes.

Key words: histone; acetylation modification; deacetylation modifications; DNA damage repair; apparent modification

中图分类号:

S813.1

梁嘉豪, 史远刚, 康晓龙. 组蛋白乙酰化修饰及其在DNA损伤修复调控作用中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1499-1510.

LIANG Jiahao, SHI Yuangang, KANG Xiaolong. Research Pogress on Histone Acetylation Modification and Its Role in the Regulation of DNA Damage Repair[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1499-1510.

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