沼泽红假单胞菌的生物学功能及其在水产养殖中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沼泽红假单胞菌作为一种益生菌，不仅代谢功能强大，而且营养丰富，富含多种氨基酸、维生素、类胡萝卜素和辅酶Q等生物活性物质，具有多种生物功能。一方面，沼泽红假单胞菌可以通过产生相应的代谢酶来降解和同化水体中的氮、磷等化合物，从而净化水质；另一方面，沼泽红假单胞菌通过提供营养物质、提高消化酶活性和增加肠道有益菌丰度，从而促进水产动物生长。此外，沼泽红假单胞菌可以通过提高免疫相关酶活性来增强非特异性免疫、调节信号转导通路来激活特异性免疫和产生抗菌物质或竞争生态位来抑制病原菌生长，从而增强水产动物的抗病性。在水产集约化养殖模式和饲料“禁抗”背景下，沼泽红假单胞菌因具有改善水质、提高动物生长性能和增强免疫力等重要功能，作为水质净化剂和饲料添加剂被广泛应用于水产养殖中。笔者系统总结了沼泽红假单胞菌在水产养殖中的研究进展，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，以期为沼泽红假单胞菌在水产养殖中的深入研究和应用提供参考。

关键词: 沼泽红假单胞菌; 水产养殖; 水体净化; 促生长; 免疫增强

Abstract: As a probiotic,Rhodopseudomonas palustris is not only metabolically robust but also rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,carotenoids,coenzyme Q,and other bioactive substances.It exhibits numerous biological functions.On the one hand,Rhodopseudomonas palustris can purify water by degrading and assimilating nitrogen,phosphorus,and other compounds through the production of specific metabolic enzymes.On the other hand,it promotes the growth of aquatic animals by providing essential nutrients,enhancing digestive enzyme activities,and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria.Moreover, Rhodopseudomonas palustris boosts the disease resistance of aquatic animals by enhancing the activity of immune-related enzymes to strengthen non-specific immunity,modulating signaling pathways to activate specific immunity,and producing antimicrobial substances or competing for ecological niches to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.Given the context of intensive aquaculture practices and the feed additive restrictions,Rhodopseudomonas palustris is widely utilized in aquaculture as a water purifier and feed additive due to its critical functions of improving water quality,enhancing animal growth performance,and strengthening immunity.The authors systematically reviewed the research progress on Rhodopseudomonas palustris in aquaculture,offering insights into future research directions and serving as a reference for further studies on its application in this field.

Key words: Rhodopseudomonas palustris; aquaculture; water purification; growth promotion; immunity enhancement

中图分类号:

S8163

郑杰秋, 邢东旭, 李庆荣, 黎尔纳, 符兵, 廖森泰, 邹宇晓, 周东来. 沼泽红假单胞菌的生物学功能及其在水产养殖中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 707-717.

ZHENG Jieqiu, XING Dongxu, LI Qingrong, LI Erna, FU Bing, LIAO Sentai, ZOU Yuxiao, ZHOU Donglai. Biological Functions of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Its Research Progress in Aquaculture[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 707-717.

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