mRNA疫苗递送系统研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.028

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 4932-4942.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.028

• 预防兽医 • 上一篇

mRNA疫苗递送系统研究进展

李紫薇^1,2, 张磊³, 陈峰⁴, 郑辉², 崔进^2,5,7, 曹振山⁴, 张慧^2,6, 戈胜强^2,5,6,7, 魏荣^2,5,6, 刘拂晓¹, 南福龙¹, 沙洲^2,5,7, 尼博^2,5,6,7

1. 青岛农业大学动物医学院, 青岛 266109;
2. 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心, 青岛 266032;
3. 山东新希望六和集团有限公司, 青岛 266100;
4. 山东省动物疫病预防与控制中心, 济南 250100;
5. 农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方), 青岛 266032;
6. 青岛市现代生物工程及动物疫病研究重点实验室, 青岛 266032;
7. 青岛市动物生物安全重点实验室, 青岛 266032

收稿日期:2024-03-21 发布日期:2024-10-31
通讯作者: 沙洲 E-mail:shazhou@cahec.cn
作者简介:李紫薇,E-mail:1096253882@qq.com;张磊,E-mail:zhanglei0532@163.com;尼博,E-mail:nibo@cahec.cn。
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划“口蹄疫病毒的分子流行病学与传播机制”(2021YFDI800301-4);中国动物卫生与流行病学中心创新基金(2022001-3)

Progress on Delivery Systems of mRNA Vaccine

LI Ziwei^1,2, ZHANG Lei³, CHEN Feng⁴, ZHENG Hui², CUI Jin^2,5,7, CAO Zhenshan⁴, ZHANG Hui^2,6, GE Shengqiang^2,5,6,7, WEI Rong^2,5,6, LIU Fuxiao¹, NAN Fulong¹, SHA Zhou^2,5,7, NI Bo^2,5,6,7

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
2. China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China;
3. Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China;
4. Shandong Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jinan 250100, China;
5. Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266032, China;
6. Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Bioengineering and Animal Disease Research, Qingdao 266032, China;
7. Qingdao Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety, Qingdao 266032, China

Received:2024-03-21 Published:2024-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 与传统疫苗相比，mRNA疫苗具有易于编译、免疫原性高、安全性强、生产成本低等优点，而将mRNA高效递送至细胞并成功表达，是mRNA疫苗发挥作用的关键环节，也是mRNA疫苗研发的主要瓶颈与痛点。因此筛选经济高效的核酸递送系统对于mRNA疫苗研发至关重要。目前，关注较多的核酸递送系统主要包括物理递送、纳米脂质体递送、聚合物递送、外泌体递送和阳离子乳剂递送等。物理递送主要是通过物理方法使裸mRNA直接穿过细胞膜进入细胞，纳米脂质体、聚合物、外泌体和阳离子乳剂等是以自身作为递送载体保护mRNA，从而提高递送效率、减少免疫反应。笔者基于mRNA疫苗最新研究进展，总结概述了不同递送方法的应用前景和局限性，并对其研究前景进行展望，以期为新型递送系统研发提供理论基础，促进mRNA疗法的临床应用，为更多疾病的预防和治疗提供新的mRNA疫苗解决方案。

关键词: mRNA疫苗; 递送系统; 物理递送; 纳米脂质体; 聚合物

Abstract: Compared with traditional vaccines,mRNA vaccines have the advantages of easy compilation,high immunogenicity,strong safety and low production cost.The efficient delivery of mRNA to cells and successful expression is the key link for mRNA vaccines to play a role,and also the main bottleneck and pain point of mRNA vaccine research and development.Therefore,screening for cost-effective nucleic acid delivery systems is crucial for mRNA vaccine development.At present,nucleic acid delivery systems with more attention mainly include physical delivery,lipid nanoparticle delivery,polymer delivery,exosome delivery and cationic emulsion delivery.Physical delivery is basically the physical process of getting naked mRNA directly across the cell membrane into the cell.Lipid nanoparticle,polymers,exosomes and cationic emulsions protect mRNA by using themselves as delivery carriers,thereby improving delivery efficiency and reducing immune response.Based on the latest research progress of mRNA vaccines,the author summarized the application prospects and limitations of different delivery methods,and prospected their research prospects.It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of a new delivery system,promote the clinical application of mRNA therapy,and provide a new mRNA vaccine solution for the prevention and treatment of more diseases.

Key words: mRNA vaccine; delivery systems; physical delivery; lipid nanoparticles; polymers

中图分类号:

S852.4

李紫薇, 张磊, 陈峰, 郑辉, 崔进, 曹振山, 张慧, 戈胜强, 魏荣, 刘拂晓, 南福龙, 沙洲, 尼博. mRNA疫苗递送系统研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(11): 4932-4942.

LI Ziwei, ZHANG Lei, CHEN Feng, ZHENG Hui, CUI Jin, CAO Zhenshan, ZHANG Hui, GE Shengqiang, WEI Rong, LIU Fuxiao, NAN Fulong, SHA Zhou, NI Bo. Progress on Delivery Systems of mRNA Vaccine[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(11): 4932-4942.

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mRNA疫苗递送系统研究进展

Progress on Delivery Systems of mRNA Vaccine

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