睾丸间质细胞线粒体调控睾酮合成的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.01.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 睾丸间质细胞（Leydig cells，LCs）的主要功能是合成和分泌睾酮。在睾丸间质细胞内，以胆固醇为原料，位于线粒体外膜上的类固醇合成急性调节蛋白（steroidogenic acute regulatory protein，StAR）促进胆固醇向线粒体内膜转运，在线粒体内膜胆固醇侧链裂解酶（cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome，P450scc）的催化下生成孕烯醇酮，而后通过光面内质网的羟基类固醇脱氢酶（3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase，3β-HSD）和转运蛋白（translocator protein，TSPO）的共同作用合成睾酮。因此，睾丸间质细胞合成和分泌睾酮与线粒体密切相关，线粒体结构和功能的完整性直接影响睾酮的生物合成，而位于线粒体上的StAR和P450scc是睾酮合成的关键调控因子。睾酮能够促进雄性生殖器官发育成熟并维持其功能，对促进蛋白质合成（如肌肉、骨骼及生殖器官的蛋白质合成）具有重要意义。近年来，通过维持线粒体结构完整性和改善线粒体氧化损伤、线粒体生物发生等功能进而促进睾酮的合成已成为睾酮合成机制的研究热点，受到国内外学者的广泛关注。作者介绍了睾丸间质细胞内睾酮合成的分子机制及影响睾酮合成的重要因子，综述了睾丸间质细胞线粒体结构、线粒体氧化损伤、线粒体调控的细胞凋亡和线粒体的生物发生等对睾酮合成的影响，阐述了线粒体与睾酮合成之间的关系，为改善睾丸间质细胞线粒体结构和功能从而促进睾酮合成提供依据，对于深入了解雄性动物的睾酮合成调节和提高雄性动物的繁殖性能具有重要的意义。

关键词: 睾丸间质细胞; 睾酮合成; 线粒体

Abstract: The main function of Leydig cells (LCs) is to synthesize and secrete testosterone. In Leydig cells, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) located on the outer mitochondrial membrane with cholesterol as raw material promotes the transport of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and pregnenolone is produced under the catalysis of cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome (P450scc) in the inner mitochondrial membrane, then hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase 3 through smooth endoplasmic reticulum β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(3β-HSD) and transporter protein (TSPO) to synthesize testosterone. Therefore, the synthesis and secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells are closely related to mitochondria. The integrity of mitochondrial structure and function directly affects the biosynthesis of testosterone, and StAR and P450scc located on mitochondria are the key regulatory factors of testosterone synthesis. Testosterone can promote the development and maturation of male reproductive organs and maintain their function. It is of great significance to promote protein synthesis (such as protein synthesis in muscle, bone and reproductive organs). In recent years, promoting testosterone synthesis by maintaining mitochondrial structural integrity and improving mitochondrial oxidative damage and mitochondrial biogenesis has become a research hotspot of testosterone synthesis mechanism, which has attracted extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad. In this review, the molecular mechanism of testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells and the important factors affecting testosterone synthesis were introduced, the effects of mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial oxidative damage, mitochondrial regulated cell death and mitochondrial biogenesis on testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells were reviewed, the relationship between mitochondria and testosterone synthesis was expounded. It can provide a basis for improving the structure and function of mitochondria in Leydig cells and promoting testosterone synthesis, and it is of great significance to deeply understand the regulation of testosterone synthesis and improve the reproductive performance in male animals.

Key words: Leydig cells; testosterone synthesis; mitochondria

中图分类号:

常雪蕊, 郭勇, 齐晓龙, 陈余, 王梁, 盛熙晖, 王相国, 邢凯, 肖龙菲, 倪和民. 睾丸间质细胞线粒体调控睾酮合成的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(1): 265-272.

CHANG Xuerui, GUO Yong, QI Xiaolong, CHEN Yu, WANG Liang, SHENG Xihui, WANG Xiangguo, XING Kai, XIAO Longfei, NI Hemin. Research Progress on Testosterone Synthesis Regulated by Mitochondria of Leydig Cells[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(1): 265-272.

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