类器官的研究进展及应用前景

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 类器官（organoids）来源于自组织和自我更新的干细胞，是利用干细胞的自组织特性进行体外3D培养后形成的细胞团，与来源器官密切相关，再现了来源器官的三维细胞结构，并为探索来源器官的发病机制提供了新的模型。类器官系统是由自分泌、旁分泌或邻分泌信号调节下的细胞，或者外源性添加的细胞外基质（extracellular matrix，ECM）底物、小分子和生长因子等衍生而来，这些因素的相互作用创造了一个动态的环境，指导干细胞的自我更新和分化，以及细胞在类器官中的自我组装。诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells，iPSC）重编程方法结合3D类器官工具，使患者来源的类器官作为动物模型和人类临床试验之间的桥梁，是对细胞研究和在体试验的补充。在研究来源器官发育、生物学和病理生理学方面，类器官不仅是一种比传统细胞培养更具生理相关性的体外模型，而且还是再生医学和个性化医学领域中的新模型，有望成为研究营养素、药物、毒物及毒素等的作用机制及药物的筛选、再生医学等领域的重要模型。总之，类器官技术的发展增强了人们对器官和组织生理生化功能的认知。作者对肠、脑、肺脏、肝脏、子宫、卵巢等类器官培养和应用的研究进展进行综述，以期为类器官相关科研及应用提供参考。

关键词: 类器官; 干细胞; 3D培养

Abstract: Organoids are derived from self-organizing and self-renewing stem cells,they are cell clusters formed after 3D culture in vitro using the self-organizing properties of stem cells,they are closely related to the source organs and reproduce the 3D cell structure of the source organs.In addition,they provide a new model for exploring the pathogenesis of the source organ.The organoid system is derived from cells cultured in vitro by adding extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates,small molecules,and growth factors to medium and regulated by autocrine,paracrine or adjacent secretory signals.The interaction of these factors creates a dynamic environment that guides the self-renewal,differentiation and the self-assembly of stem cells in organoids.The organoids which derived the reprogramming method by induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) combined with 3D organoid,establishes contact between animal models and human clinical trials.It is a complement to study cell experiments in vivo.Compared with traditional cell culture methods,organoids provide the new models for studying developmental biology and pathophysiology of the source organ in vitro.It is also important in the field of regenerative medicine and personalized medicine.In the future,maybe it will be used to research the mechanism of action of nutrient,drugs,poisons and toxins,as well as used in the fields of drug screening and regenerative medicine.The development of organoid technology has enhanced people’s understanding of the physiological and biochemical functions of organs and tissues.In this article,the author introduces the culture and application of organoids such as intestine,brain,lung,liver,uterus,ovary,etc.which provides reference for the scientific research and application of organoids.

Key words: organoids; stem cell; 3D culture

中图分类号:

李娟娟, 张君涛, 赵英博, 贺来增, 张帆, 李怡屏, 闫鹏辉, 胡赛娜, 吕玉林, 邓立新, 张志平. 类器官的研究进展及应用前景[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(6): 1985-1994.

LI Juanjuan, ZHANG Juntao, ZHAO Yingbo, HE Laizeng, ZHANG Fan, LI Yiping, YAN Penghui, HU Saina, LYU Yulin, DENG Lixin, ZHANG Zhiping. Research Progress and Application Prospect of Organoids[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(6): 1985-1994.

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