驴辅助繁育技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目前，驴产业正在由短期育肥向繁育兼顾的新型可持续发展模式转变，同其他畜禽品种类似，驴产业的转型也是以扩大优良种群和提高品种质量为前提基础，而数量的增加和质量的提高都离不开良种繁育这一关键环节。然而，母驴繁殖力低是制约驴产业成功转型的主要瓶颈之一。驴繁殖力低不仅导致现有驴群的扩繁速度慢，存栏量与日益增长的皮、肉、奶的消费需求之间差距越来越大，而且使新品种的培育周期延长。已有研究表明，辅助繁育技术在提高母驴繁殖性能和改良驴的遗传性状等方面发挥重要作用，如同期发情、排卵控制、人工授精和胚胎移植等辅助繁殖技术可大幅提高母驴的繁殖能力；同时，微卫星标记技术、线粒体DNA测序技术、单核苷酸多态性研究和全基因组选择技术等分子育种手段也能够进一步加快驴的遗传改良进程。文章简要介绍了驴的生殖生理，系统阐述了同期发情、排卵控制、人工授精、胚胎移植、分子标记辅助育种和全基因组选择等辅助繁育技术在驴上的研究进展，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期对提高母驴繁殖性能提供借鉴，为开展驴分子育种研究提供有效线索。

关键词: 驴; 辅助繁殖; 分子育种

Abstract: Nowadays,the donkey industry is shifting from short-term fattening to a new breeding model for sustainable development.Similar to other livestock and poultry breeds,the transformation of the donkey industry is also based on the expansion of good populations and the improvement of breeds' quality,and the breeding of good-quality is a key step to increase the quantity and improve the quality of donkeys.However,one of the main factors in restricting the transformation of donkey industry is low reproduction capacity.Low reproduction capacity in donkey not only impacts the expansion speed of the existing donkey,and widens the gap between the stock and the rising demand for skin,meat and milk,but also prolongs the breeding cycle of new breeds.Studies have shown that assisted breeding techniques play important roles in improving the reproductive performance of female donkeys and the genetic traits of donkeys.Assisted reproduction technologies such as simultaneous estrus,ovulation control,artificial insemination and embryo transplantation can largely improve the reproductive capacity of female donkeys.Meanwhile,a series of molecular breeding technologies including microsatellite labeling,mitochondrial DNA sequencing,single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and whole genome selection can further accelerate the genetic improvement of donkeys.Here,a brief review of the studies on the reproductive physiology of the donkey was presented,and then,systematically summarized the progress of recent research on the roles of assisted breeding technologies (simultaneous estrus,ovulation control,artificial insemination,embryo transplantation,molecular marker assistant breeding and genomics-based selection) in donkeys,and made prospects for future research directions.This paper would provide an important reference for improving the reproductive performance of female donkeys and the effective clues to the donkey molecular breeding.

Key words: donkey; assistant reproduction; molecular breeding

中图分类号:

S822

马青山, 张瑞涛, 王长法, 刘桂芹, 李艳. 驴辅助繁育技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(4): 1302-1312.

MA Qingshan, ZHANG Ruitao, WANG Changfa, LIU Guiqin, LI Yan. Advances on Assistant Breeding Technology of Donkey[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(4): 1302-1312.

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