冬夏两季环境温度对藏猪生理特征及相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在探讨藏猪低温适应性相关指标，为研究藏猪种质特征提供理论依据，以期更好地开发和利用地方品种资源。在甘肃榆中县某藏猪养殖场随机选择哺乳期间体况良好的20日龄仔猪（分别于冬季环境温度-16 ℃和夏季环境温度30 ℃时选择藏猪各4只），对其体尺指标、呼吸频率、背部脂肪厚度、皮肤厚度、血液生理生化指标进行测量。HE染色观察腹股沟、肩胛、背部的脂肪细胞形态，并进一步采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测产热相关基因在不同部位脂肪组织间的相对表达情况。结果显示，冬季低温组藏猪的呼吸频率极显著低于夏季高温组藏猪（P<0.01）；背部脂肪厚度和颈部、背部、臀部皮肤厚度均极显著高于高温组藏猪（P<0.01）；低温组藏猪的血小板数目（PLT）、血小板积压（PCT）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、葡萄糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）含量显著高于高温组藏猪（P<0.05）；平均血小板体积（MPV）和血小板分布宽度（PDW）显著低于高温组藏猪（P<0.05）。HE染色结果显示，低温组藏猪腹股沟和肩胛处的脂肪细胞大小不等，存在多腔脂滴形态；同时发现低温组藏猪腹股沟和肩胛部解偶联蛋白3（uncouple protein3，UCP3）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子-1α（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α，PGC-1α）和Ⅱ型脱碘酶（type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase，Dio2）基因mRNA的相对表达量显著高于高温组藏猪（P<0.05）。综上所述，环境温度对藏猪的生理指标和脂肪代谢等方面有较大影响，并且低温刺激白色脂肪褐变是藏猪御寒的重要因素之一。

关键词: 低温适应; 藏猪; 血液生理生化; 白色脂肪棕色化; 基因表达

Abstract: To better develop and utilize local breed resources,the relevant indexes of Tibetan pigs' low-temperature adaptability was explored in this study and to provide theoretical basis for the study of Tibetan pig germplasm characteristics.20-day-old piglets were randomly selected (4 Tibetan pigs at -16 ℃ in winter and 4 Tibetan pigs at 30 ℃ in summer) in good body condition during lactation in a Tibetan pig farm in Yuzhong county,Gansu,and their body measurements and respiratory rate,back fat thickness,skin thickness,blood physiological,and biochemical indicators were measured.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of adipocytes in the groin,scapula,and back.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology was used to detect the relative expression of heat-related genes in different adipose tissues.The results showed that the respiratory rate of Tibetan pigs in the winter low temperature group was extremely significantly lower than that of the Tibetan pigs in the summer high temperature group (P<0.01).The thickness of back fat and the skin thickness of the neck,back and buttocks were extremely significantly higher than that of the high temperature Tibetan pigs (P<0.01).The number of platelets (PLT),platelet pressure (PCT),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),glucose (GLU),and triglyceride (TG) contents of Tibetan pigs in the low temperature group were significantly higher than those of Tibetan pigs in the high temperature group (P<0.05).Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were significantly lower than of the high temperature group Tibetan pigs (P<0.05).The HE staining results showed that the size of fat cells in the groin and scapula of the low temperature group was different,and there were multi-cavity lipid droplets.Meanwhile,it was found that the relative expression of UCP3,PGC1α and Dio2 gene in the groin and scapula of the cold group was significantly higher among Tibetan pigs in high temperature group (P<0.05).In conclusion,environmental temperatures had a great influence on the physiological indexes and fat metabolism of Tibetan pigs,and the white fat browning stimulated by low temperature was one of the important factors for Tibetan pigs to resist cold.

Key words: low temperature adaptation; Tibetan pigs; blood physiology and biochemistry; white fat browning; gene expression

中图分类号:

S828.8

李倩文, 杨榛, 杨雅楠, 王正文, 文禹粱, 蔡原, 赵生国. 冬夏两季环境温度对藏猪生理特征及相关基因表达的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(3): 873-881.

LI Qianwen, YANG Zhen, YANG Yanan, WANG Zhengwen, WEN Yuliang, CAI Yuan, ZHAO Shengguo. Effects of Environmental Temperature in Winter and Summer on Physiological Characteristics and Related Gene Expression of Tibetan Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(3): 873-881.

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