宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛淘汰情况及长寿性影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.01.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验通过收集出生、产犊和离群的记录，探究宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛的淘汰情况，分析影响该地区奶牛长寿性的因素。对15 523头荷斯坦牛的生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次进行描述性统计，分析淘汰时的胎次、季节和泌乳阶段的分布情况；计算生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次之间的表型相关，利用固定模型分析场-出生年、出生季节、牧场规模、淘汰原因和头胎产犊月龄对长寿性的影响。结果显示，宁夏地区荷斯坦牛的平均利用胎次为2.36胎，平均生产寿命为736.59 d。荷斯坦牛成母牛在产后第1个月内的淘汰风险最高，随着泌乳阶段的延长，成母牛在每个胎次内的淘汰风险均逐渐降低；随着淘汰胎次的增加，奶牛淘汰更加集中发生在产后泌乳早期；生产寿命、在群寿命和利用胎次之间存在较高的表型相关（均>0.9），场-出生年、出生季节、牧场规模、淘汰原因和头胎产犊月龄对长寿性有显著影响（P<0.05），春季出生和22月龄头胎产犊的奶牛长寿性表现更好。本研究初步揭示了宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛的淘汰规律和长寿性的影响因素，为宁夏地区牛群选育成母牛长寿性状奠定了基础。

关键词: 奶牛; 在群寿命; 长寿性; 淘汰原因

Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore general characteristics of individual culling and analysis the influencing factors of longevity in Holstein cows in Ningxia.Descriptive statistics for productive life,herd life and lactation number in 15 523 Holstein cows were obtained,and culling characteristics under different culling parities,culling seasons and culling lactation stages were analyzed.Secondly,phenotypic correlations among productive life,herd life and lactation number were calculated,and a fixed model was adopted to assess the impacts of herd-birth year,birth season,herd size,culling reason and first calving age on longevity of Holstein cows.The results showed that the average utilized parity was about 2.36,the average productive life of Holstein cows was 736.59 d in Ningxia.There was the highest culling risk in the first month after birth of Holstein cows.With the increase of lactation stage,culling risk of cows gradually decreased within each lactation.With the increase of the culling parity,the culling of dairy cows was more concentrated in the early stage of postpartum lactation.There were high phenotypic correlations (>0.9) among productive life,herd life and lactation.Herd birth year,birth season,herd scale,culling reason and the first calving age had significant effects on longevity (P<0.05).This study initially revealed culling characteristics of Holstein cows and influencing factors of longevity in Ningxia,which laid the foundation for the selection of longevity traits in Holstein population in Ningxia.

Key words: dairy cows; herd life; longevity; culling reason

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

张海亮, 陈紫薇, 师睿, 田佳, 高旭红, 温万, 王雅春. 宁夏地区荷斯坦牛成母牛淘汰情况及长寿性影响因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(1): 200-208.

ZHANG Hailiang, CHEN Ziwei, SHI Rui, TIAN Jia, GAO Xuhong, WEN Wan, WANG Yachun. Analysis of Culling Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Longevity in Holstein Cows in Ningxia[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(1): 200-208.

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