miRNA在猪主要经济性状调控中的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.10.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： microRNA（miRNA）是一类广泛存在于真核生物中的内源性单链非编码小RNA分子，长度为21~22 nt，以特异的序列互补结合方式调控基因的表达。在经典的miRNA作用机制中，miRNA通常与靶基因3'UTR种子区序列完全或不完全互补配对，从而在转录后水平调控靶基因的表达。越来越多的报道证实，miRNA还可与靶基因5'UTR区、编码区及启动子区结合，进而参与复杂的基因调控过程。随着高通量测序技术和分子生物学实验技术的发展，大量miRNA被鉴定，其参与调控的生物学机制也被逐渐揭示。大量研究表明，miRNA能够参与动物生殖、生长发育、新陈代谢和疾病调控等生物学过程，对维持正常的生命活动具有重要意义。在猪的遗传改良工作中，对主要经济性状（繁殖、生长发育、胴体肉品质、抗病等）进行改良，选育优良品种，是未来养殖业发展的必然趋势。作者就miRNA生成和作用机制及近年来在猪生殖调控、肌肉发育、脂肪沉积和抵抗疾病感染等方面的研究进行综述，为系统了解miRNA在猪重要经济性状调控中的应用提供参考，并为深入开展相关遗传育种研究工作提供依据。

关键词: miRNA; 猪; 生殖调控; 肌肉发育; 脂肪沉积; 疾病抵抗

Abstract: microRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous single-stranded non-coding small RNA that is widely found in eukaryotes,with a length of about 21-22 nt,which regulate gene expression in a specific sequence complementary binding manner.In the classical miRNA mechanism of action,miRNAs are usually completely or incompletely complementary to the 3'UTR seed region sequence of the target gene,thereby regulating the expression of the target gene at the post-transcriptional level.More and more reports have confirmed that miRNA can also be combined with the target gene 5'UTR region,coding region and promoter region,and then participate in complex gene regulation processes.With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular biology experimental technology,a large number of miRNA have been identified and their biological mechanisms involved in regulation have been gradually revealed.A large number of studies have shown that miRNA can participate in biological processes such as animal reproduction,growth and development,metabolism and disease regulation,and is of great significance for maintaining normal life activities.In the genetic improvement of pigs,the improvement of the main economic traits (reproduction,growth and development,carcass quality,disease resistance,etc.) and the selection of excellent varieties are inevitable trends in the future development of the breeding industry.Therefore,the author reviews the mechanism of miRNA synthesis and action,as well as recent studies on swine reproductive regulation,muscle development,fat deposition and resistance to disease infections.It provides a reference for systematically understanding the application of miRNA in the regulation of important economic traits in pigs,and provides a basis for further research on related genetic breeding.

Key words: miRNA; pigs; reproductive regulation; muscle development; fat deposition; disease resistance

中图分类号:

S813.3

王伟, 马艳萍, 滚双宝. miRNA在猪主要经济性状调控中的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(10): 3278-3288.

WANG Wei, MA Yanping, GUN Shuangbao. Research Progress on miRNA in Regulation of Main Economic Traits in Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(10): 3278-3288.

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