玻璃化冷冻对哺乳动物MⅡ期卵母细胞表观遗传学的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.09.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 玻璃化冷冻作为一种操作简单、成功率高的细胞保存方式具有诸多优点，广泛应用于农业、医学、生物等领域。但相较于新鲜卵母细胞，玻璃化冷冻后的卵母细胞仍存在许多问题，如玻璃化冷冻后的卵母细胞妊娠率和产活仔率低于新鲜的卵母细胞、基因表达异常等。表观遗传学是研究基因在核苷酸序列不发生改变的情况下基因表达的可遗传变化的一门学科。表观遗传修饰在不改变DNA序列的情况下使基因和环境之间产生相互作用。在体外胚胎生产过程中，外界环境因素会对表观遗传修饰造成影响。作者从表观遗传学方面综述了玻璃化冷冻对哺乳动物MⅡ期卵母细胞DNA和全基因组甲基化、组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化、磷酸化及泛素化、基因印迹、microRNA的影响，以及玻璃化冷冻MⅡ卵母细胞后表观遗传修饰的改变对转录过程中基因的表达影响，为揭示并调控玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞后表观遗传修饰事件、进一步提高玻璃化冷冻后卵母细胞的质量提供参考。

关键词: 玻璃化冷冻; MⅡ期卵母细胞; 表观遗传修饰

Abstract: As a cell preservation method with simple operation and high success rate,vitrification has many advantages,and it is widely used in agriculture,medicine,biology and other fields.However,compared with fresh oocytes,oocytes after vitrification and freezing still have many problems,such as oocytes after vitrification and freezing have lower pregnancy rate and live birth rate than fresh oocytes,abnormal gene expression and so on.Epigenetic modification allows interaction between genes and the environment without changing the DNA sequence.In the process of in vitro embryo production,external environmental factors will affect the modification of apparent heritage.This article reviewed the effects of vitrification on DNA and whole-genome methylation,histone methylation and acetylation,phosphorylation and ubiquitination,genetic imprinting,and microRNA of mammalian MⅡ oocytes in terms of epigenetics,and the effect of changes in epigenetic modification after vitrified frozen MⅡ oocytes on gene expression during transcription.It provided a reference for revealing and regulating epigenetic modification events after vitrified frozen oocytes,and further improved the quality of vitrified frozen oocytes.

Key words: vitrification; MⅡ oocytes; epigenetic modification

中图分类号:

S814.6

郝彤, 王晶晶, 郝海生, 杜卫华, 庞云渭, 赵善江, 邹惠影, 张培培, 朱化彬, 赵学明. 玻璃化冷冻对哺乳动物MⅡ期卵母细胞表观遗传学的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(9): 2866-2875.

HAO Tong, WANG Jingjing, HAO Haisheng, DU Weihua, PANG Yunwei, ZHAO Shanjiang, ZOU Huiying, ZHANG Peipei, ZHU Huabin, ZHAO Xueming. Effect of Vitrification on Epigenetics of Mammalian MⅡ Oocytes[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(9): 2866-2875.

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