哺乳动物合子基因组激活过程中的染色质重塑

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.01.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哺乳动物受精后，终末分化的卵子和精子结合并转变为具有全能性的受精卵，从而产生胚胎。胚胎发育最初由卵母细胞储存的基因产物指导，然后完成由母源到合子的过渡（maternal-to-zygotic transition，MZT）。母源mRNA逐渐被降解，合子基因组开始转录，合子的发育由自身调控。伴随着胚胎发育的进行，表观基因组经历了剧烈的重编程，表观遗传修饰在胚胎发育过程起到重要调控作用。其中，染色质重塑是指开放（转录激活）和关闭（转录抑制或沉默）染色质结构之间的动态变化。核小体在染色质上的不均匀分布导致基因组不同区域的松散程度不同，染色质可及性高的区域比较松散，易与转录因子结合，通常是重要的调控区域。染色质重塑通过调节DNA结合蛋白的基因组可及性，参与合子基因表达的调控，在合子基因组激活（zygotic genome activation，ZGA）过程中起到重要作用。作者讨论了伴随ZGA的整体染色质结构（和局部染色质可及性）的变化，以及它们在ZGA中的作用，为深入理解合子基因表达的调控机制提供参考。

关键词: 胚胎; 合子基因组激活(ZGA); 染色质重塑; 表观遗传修饰

Abstract: The terminally differentiated mammalian gametes are converted into totipotent fertilized embryo after fertilization. The embryo's development progress is initially guided by oocyte's products stored in the embryo. When the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) completes, maternal mRNA is degraded, the zygotic genome begins to be transcribed, and the development of the zygote is regulated by itself. With the development of embryos, the epigenetic genome has undergone drastic reprogramming, and epigenetic modification plays an important role in the process of embryonic development. Notably, chromatin remodeling regulates zygotic gene expression by adjusting the genome accessibility of DNA-binding proteins. Chromatin remodeling refers to the sharp changes in chromatin structure and genome accessibility. The uneven distribution of nucleosomes leads to different loose degrees in different regions of the genome, and the regions with high chromatin accessibility are usually important regulatory regions and easier to combine with transcription factors. Chromatin remodeling participates in the regulation of zygotic gene expression by regulating the genomic accessibility of DNA binding proteins, and plays an important role in the process of zygotic genome activation (ZGA). In the review, the authors discuss the dynamic changes in the chromatin structure and local chromatin accessibility during zygotic genome activation, and their role in zygotic genome activation, which provides a reference for understanding the regulatory mechanism of zygotic gene expression.

Key words: embryo; zygotic genome activation (ZGA); chromatin remodeling; epigenetic modification

中图分类号:

S814.8

张景瑶, 张鲁, 高帅. 哺乳动物合子基因组激活过程中的染色质重塑[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(1): 232-240.

ZHANG Jingyao, ZHANG Lu, GAO Shuai. Chromatin Remodeling During Mammalian Zygotic Genome Activation[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(1): 232-240.

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