冷季与暖季对牦牛放牧行为及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.07.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验在不同季节牧草生物量和营养品质变化较大的条件下，研究不同季节牦牛牧食行为及机体瘤胃微生物区系响应策略，旨在为提高牦牛的生产潜力及畜产品转化效率提供科学依据。试验分别在2019年1月和2019年9月进行，选取体重相近、健康无病的牦牛9头，采集瘤胃液，用于分析瘤胃内环境参数和瘤胃微生物多样性，并利用MOOnitor系统对其牧食行为的变化进行研究。结果表明，牦牛牧食活动及采食空间分布随牧草产量和营养品质的季节性变化而变化；相较于暖季，牦牛冷季休息加反刍时间（13.378 h/d）、采食时间（5.174 h/d）和反刍时间（8.160 h/d）显著减少（P<0.05），行走时间（4.775 h/d）显著增加（P<0.05），并且采食空间分布更为分散。瘤胃液中氨态氮、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量及乙酸与丙酸的比例在冷季显著降低（P<0.05），而微生物蛋白、异戊酸含量在冷季显著增加（P<0.05）。冷季下瘤胃微生物在门水平表现出拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）显著升高（P<0.05），厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）显著降低（P<0.05）；在属水平表现出冷季瘤胃微生物以分解纤维素的菌属为主。综合试验结果，冷季牧草生物量及常规营养成分的降低导致牦牛采食、反刍、休息行为减少，游走行为增多，同时采食空间分布格局扩大。牦牛瘤胃消化代谢及微生物变化方面对冷季的响应模式有别于暖季，这有利于提高其能量摄入及机体利用效率，进而有效应对冷季营养匮乏。

关键词: 牦牛; 冷季; 暖季; 牧食行为; 瘤胃微生物

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the grazing behavior and rumen microbiology profile of yak in different seasons,in order to provide the scientific basis for improving yak production performance and the animal production transformation efficiency.Nine healthy yaks with similar body weight were selected as the experimental animals,and the trail was conducted in January 2019 and September 2019,respectively.Rumen fluid was collected to analyze the rumen environmental parameters and rumen microbial diversity.The MOOnitor system was adopted to record the grazing behavior.The results showed that the grazing behavior and spatial distribution of yak varies with the season variations of forage yield and nutrition quality.The time spending for rest and rumination (13.378 h/d),grazing (5.174 h/d),and ruminating (8.160 h/d) of yak was significantly decreased in cold season compared with those in warm season (P<0.05),however,the walking time was significantly increased in cold season (P<0.05).The spatial distribution of grazing was more dispersed in cold season.The content of ammonia nitrogen,acetate,propionate,isobutyrate,valerate and total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid,and the ratio of acetate to propionate were decreased significantly during cold season (P<0.05).However,microbial protein and isovaleric acid content in rumen were significantly increased in cold season (P<0.05).At the level of phylum,Bacteroidetes increased significantly (P<0.05) and Firmicutes decreased significantly (P<0.05) in cold season.At the genus level,cellulose-decomposing bacteria was dominate in rumen fluid of yak in cold season.In conclusion,in cold season,yak reduced the time for grazing,ruminating and rest,and increased the time for walking within a greater space to cope with the lower forage biomass and nutrition quality.In the meantime,the rumen digestion metabolism and microbiology were also changed in cold season in order to improve the energy intake and body utilization efficiency to cope with the deficiency of forage.

Key words: yak; cold season; warm season; grazing behavior; rumen microbiota

中图分类号:

S823.8⁺5

李晨, ANUM Ali Ahmad, 张建搏, 梁泽毅, 丁学智, 阎萍. 冷季与暖季对牦牛放牧行为及瘤胃微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(7): 2312-2324.

LI Chen, ANUM Ali Ahmad, ZHANG Jianbo, LIANG Zeyi, DING Xuezhi, YAN Ping. Effects of Cold and Warm Season on Grazing Behavior and Rumen Microbial Diversity of Free-range Yak[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(7): 2312-2324.

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