弓形虫病治疗药物的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.04.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 弓形虫病是一种呈全球分布的重要的人兽共患寄生虫病，能感染包括人在内的所有温血动物。目前对该病的防控主要依赖药物。临床上联合使用磺胺嘧啶与乙胺嘧啶是目前治疗弓形虫病的黄金标准，但该疗法具有一定的毒副作用，且长期使用易产生耐药性。因此，针对弓形虫病的药物研究一直是研究热点。螺旋霉素、甲氧苄啶－磺胺甲噁唑等常作为替代药物用于弓形虫病的治疗，但均具有不同的局限性。因而，人们将研究重点转移到天然产物上。研究以植物提取物为主，通过筛选具有抗弓形虫的活性分子，并对其进行适当的化学修饰，可增强抗虫活性，降低毒副作用。在动物提取物中，某些动物的毒液具有抗弓形虫活性，可作为候选药物。随着研究手段的提升，一些原有药物的新活性不断被发现。在"旧"药新用研究方向，一方面以亲缘关系为标准，针对其他抗寄生虫药物进行抗弓形虫活性探索；另一方面以药物作用靶点为标准，对治疗其他疾病的药物进行抗弓形虫活性研究。文章对弓形虫病临床用药史、天然产物的开发及"旧"药新用这3个方面进行综述，以期为抗弓形虫病药物的研究提供新的思路。

关键词: 弓形虫; 抗弓形虫药物; 天然产物; 药物再利用

Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide important zoonotic parasitic disease,which infects almost all warm-blooded animals,including human beings.At present,controlling this disease mainly depends on drugs.Clinically,sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine are used to treat the disease,which is seemed as the gold standard.However,this therapy has certain toxic and side effects,and is prone to drug resistance after long-term use.So development of anti-toxoplasmosis drug has always been a hotspot.Spiramycin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and so on are used as alternatives in treating toxoplasmosis,however,they all have different limitations.Therefore,the focus of research has been shifted to natural products.Plant extracts were used as the main component.Through screening the active molecules with anti-Toxoplasma gondii and modifying them properly,the anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity can be enhanced and the side effects can be reduced.Among animal extracts,the venom of some animals has anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity and can be good candidate drugs. With the progress of research methods,the new activities of some existing drugs have been continuously discovered.In the research direction of the new use of ‘old’ drugs,on the one hand,according to genetic relationship,the anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of other anti-parasite drugs can be explored.On the other hand,depending on the drug action target,the anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of drugs for the treatment of other diseases is being studied.To sum up,this article reviewed the clinical drug history of toxoplasmosis,the development of natural products and the new use of ‘old’ drugs,which provided new ideas for the development of anti-toxoplasmosis drugs.

Key words: Toxoplasma gondii; anti-Toxoplasma drugs; natural product; reuse of drugs

中图分类号:

S859.79⁺5

姚娜, 龚静芝, 范益敏, 仰彬, 陶建平, 黄思扬. 弓形虫病治疗药物的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(4): 1250-1257.

YAO Na, GONG Jingzhi, FAN Yimin, YANG Bin, TAO Jianping, HUANG Siyang. Research Progress on Drugs for the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(4): 1250-1257.

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