新疆南北疆两羊场春季养殖环境指标差异比较及羔羊健康状况调查

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.01.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解新疆南北疆地区集约化养殖场春季羊舍环境的变化及羔羊健康状况，本研究对新疆昌吉州木垒县（ML）和阿克苏地区温宿县（WS）两个典型的集约化养殖场羊舍春季环境指标：二氧化碳（CO₂）、氨气（NH₃）、硫化氢（H₂S）、甲烷（CH₄）、光照强度、温度、湿度、噪音、可吸入颗粒物（inhalable particles，PM₁₀）和总悬浮颗粒物（total suspended particulars，TSP）进行为期15 d的连续监测，采集连续5 d的24 h数据，分析其日周期变化规律，同时对两羊场羔羊健康与疾病状况进行临床观察。结果表明，木垒羊场羊舍春季噪音极显著高于温宿羊场羊舍（P<0.01），温宿羊场羊舍春季NH₃、CO₂浓度及TSP、PM₁₀浓度都极显著高于木垒羊场羊舍（P<0.01）；从环境指标日周期变化来看，木垒、温宿春季羊场羊舍温度分别约有15和24 h超过国家行业标准（NY/T 388－1999）限值范围。两羊场春季羔羊主要疾病为腹泻、咳嗽及营养不良导致的瘫痪，且温宿羊场羔羊的咳嗽率显著高于木垒羊场（P<0.05），木垒羊场羔羊的瘫痪率显著高于温宿羊场（P<0.05）。综上，两羊场羊舍除温度指标外其他环境指标参数均符合国家标准，表明两场春季羊舍环境对于羊的生长发育比较适宜，但需要对羊舍的温度进行把控从而保证动物的福利及健康需求；两羊场春季监测羊舍的断奶羔羊整体健康状况良好，但木垒羊场需加强对新生弱羔初乳获得、育肥羔羊的补饲等方面的饲养管理。此研究可为新疆地区舍饲肉羊适宜养殖环境标准制定提供一定参考，同时也为新疆肉羊养殖场的饲养管理、动物健康和福利的保障、生产水平的提高提供科学依据。

关键词: 新疆; 肉羊; 羊舍; 春季环境指标; 羔羊健康

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to understand the spring changes of the environment of intensive mutton sheep sheds in Xinjiang and the correlation between the environmental changes and lamb health.Environmental indices including the illumination,temperature,humidity,noise,concentrations of CO₂,NH₃,CH₄,PM₁₀ and TSP were measured consecutively for 15 days in two typical sheep farms which were located in Wensu county (WS) in Southern Xinjiang and Mulei county (ML) in Northern Xinjiang.24 h changes of the above indices were measured in 5 consecutive days,then which were compared between the two sheep farms.At the same time,the clinical observation of lamb health and disease was carried out in two sheep farms.The results showed that the average noise in ML sheep farm was extremely higher than that in WS (P<0.01).The average concentration of NH₃,CO₂,TSP and PM₁₀ in WS sheep farm was extremely higher than that in ML (P<0.01);24 h change of the above parameters showed that the temperature in the two farms about 15,24 h in one day was over the limit of NY/T 388-1999,respectively.The main diseases of lambs in the spring were diarrhea,pneumonia and paralysis,and the cough rate of the lambs in WS was higher than that in ML (P<0.05).The paralytic rate of lambs in ML farm was higher than that in WS (P<0.05).In conclusion,the environmental indices in two sheep farms were not exceeded to the limit of NY/T 388-1999 except the temperature.The results showed that the environment of two sheep farms in spring was more suitable for the growth and development of sheep.However,the temperature of the sheep house needed to be controlled to ensure the welfare and health of the animals.The lambs in two sheep farms were in good health in spring,but it was necessary to strengthen the feeding management of newborn and weak lambs in colostrums and supplementary feeding of fattening lambs in ML sheep farm.This study laid a certain foundation for the environment standard of meat sheep farm in Xinjiang,which also provided a scientific basis for the feeding management,animal health and welfare and the improvement of production level for Xinjiang sheep farms.

Key words: Xinjiang; sheep; sheep house; spring environmental parameter; lamb health

中图分类号:

S851.2⁺4

焦伟娜, 李卓程, 刘虹家, 杨会国, 何宗霖, 姚刚, 王金泉. 新疆南北疆两羊场春季养殖环境指标差异比较及羔羊健康状况调查[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(1): 306-314.

JIAO Weina, LI Zhuocheng, LIU Hongjia, YANG Huiguo, HE Zonglin, YAO Gang, WANG Jinquan. Comparative Study on Spring Environmental Indices and Lamb's Health Status of Two Intensive Sheep Farms in South and North of Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(1): 306-314.

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