奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌感染流行规律研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.11.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乳房炎作为全球性奶牛养殖业的重要疾病，因对社会经济、养殖行业和人类健康的巨大影响使人们从发病机理、疾病诊断、预防等方面对其进行了不断的研究与探讨。作者立足于前期尤其是近几年的研究文献，以引起奶牛乳房炎的重要原因——病原菌为中心展开，探讨其感染类型、奶牛与病原菌及病原菌相互之间的关系。奶牛乳房炎是由包括病原菌的侵袭及宿主奶牛自身抵抗力等多种因素共同作用导致，乳腺对病原菌的入侵应答能力，病原与病原之间或促进或抑制都对其发生产生影响。金黄色葡萄球菌是公认的奶牛乳房炎的主要传染性病原菌，其独特的生物学特性使得其在体内难以治疗，并且耐药性普遍存在；无乳链球菌是环境性还是传染性病原尚有争议，在中国感染率较高，对大部分抗生素仍旧敏感，相对于其他病原菌治愈率较高，畜群清除容易；大肠埃希氏菌被作为环境性病原体，乳房炎感染的分离率仍较高，抗生素治疗结果还有待商榷，耐药性普遍存在并增强；牛支原体近十年的感染率有所上升，在国内外都是严重的乳房炎致病因素，治疗效果不佳，且耐药性正在增强，疫苗开发困难。文章对上述几种主要病原菌的流行、危害与防治等研究进行综述，以期为奶牛生产管理和科学研究方面提供参考。

关键词: 奶牛乳房炎; 病原菌; 感染; 流行; 耐药性

Abstract: Dairy cow mastitis is one of the major serious diseases in dairy farming industry world wide since its significant impact on economics,dairy farming and human health.More and more study focus on its pathogenesis,diagnosis,prevention,and so on.Our review based upon the recent progress on mastitis pathogen,one of the major causes of dairy cow mastitis and try to know the relationship among infection type,dairy cow and pathogen and pathogen themselves.The development of mastitis in dairy cows is due to many factors,such as invasion of pathogenic bacteria,the capability of cow defence system,the response of breast to pathogen,the synergism or repressive interaction among pathogenic bacteria.Staphylococcus aureus is well-known main infectious pathogen of dairy cow mastitis.It is very hard to cure in dairy cow body and has widespread drug resistance due to its unique biological characteristics.Streptococcus agalactiae belongs to an infectious or environmental pathogen is not definitive so far.It does cause high infection rate in our dairy cow farming.This kind of disease has relative higher cure rate comparing to other pathogenic bacteria since it is sensitive to many antibiotics.Escherichia coli is known as an environmental pathogen,it was detected in many cow mastitis isolates.However,the effect of antibiotics treatment on it requires further investigation since its drug resistance is common exist and becoming more severe.Mycoplasma bovis is one of the world wide infectious pathogens.Its infection rate has risen during past ten years.There is a overall poor therapeutic effect on it and it is difficult in vaccine development.Furthermore its drug resistance is still increasing.This review focused on the recent progresses of epidemiology,disease and prevention of the major cow mastitis pathogens,in order to help researchers in the field of dairy farm management and scientific study.

Key words: dairy cow mastitis; pathogenic bacteria; infection; prevalence; antibiotic resistance

中图分类号:

S858.23

赵高乾, 王素英, 李广善, 赵庆彬. 奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌感染流行规律研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(11): 3378-3386.

ZHAO Gaoqian, WANG Suying, LI Guangshan, ZHAO Qingbin. Research Progress on Infection Epidemic Patterns Among Major Dairy Cow Mastitis Pathogenic Bacteria[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(11): 3378-3386.

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