不同氨化处理黄曲霉毒素B1脱毒效果及其对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.01.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

试验旨在研究不同氨化处理对黄曲霉毒素B₁（AFB₁）的脱毒效果及其对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响。本研究分为两个试验。试验一：对人工感染2 550 μg/kg AFB₁的玉米和大米混合物（1：3）进行氨化处理，分为对照组（Ⅰ组，未处理）和试验组Ⅱ（0.1 Mpa，1 h）、Ⅲ（0.1 Mpa，2 h）、Ⅳ（0.1 Mpa，3 h）、Ⅴ（0.2 Mpa，1 h）、Ⅵ（0.2 Mpa，2 h）、Ⅶ（0.2 Mpa，3 h）、Ⅷ（0.3 Mpa，1 h）、Ⅸ（0.3 Mpa，2 h）、Ⅹ（0.3 Mpa，3 h）组，每组3个重复，测定不同氨化处理的AFB₁的脱毒效果及混合物的营养成分。试验二：研究氨化处理AFB₁对奶牛体外发酵指标的影响。试验设对照组（Ⅰ组，未处理）和试验组Ⅱ（0.3 Mpa，1 h）、Ⅲ（0.3 Mpa，2 h）、Ⅳ（0.3 Mpa，3 h）组，每组3个重复，测定体外发酵2、4、8、12、24和48 h的产气量、发酵液pH、体外干物质降解率（IVDMD）、氨态氮（NH₃-N）和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）。结果显示：在试验一中，试验组粗蛋白质（CP）含量均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）；Ⅹ组（0.3 Mpa，3 h）AFB₁含量显著低于其他组（除Ⅶ组外）（P < 0.05）。在试验二中，Ⅳ组（0.3 Mpa，3 h）发酵液pH显著低于对照组（P < 0.05），体外发酵产气量、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮含量和体外干物质降解率（除48 h外）均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05），而Ⅱ（0.3 Mpa，1 h）和Ⅲ组（0.3 Mpa，2 h）组效果不明显。综上所述，氨化处理能够显著降低样品中AFB₁含量，提高CP含量，改善瘤胃发酵，其中0.3 Mpa、3 h处理效果最佳。

关键词: 黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁); 氨化; 奶牛; 体外发酵

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the detoxification effect of amination on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) by different ammonia treatments and its effect on the in vitro fermentation of dairy cows.This experiment was divided into two sections.Trial 1:The corn and rice mixture (1:3) artificially infected with 2 550 μg/kg AFB₁ were ammoniated,and they were randomly divided into control group (group Ⅰ,untreated) and test groups Ⅱ (0.1 Mpa,1 h),Ⅲ (0.1 Mpa,2 h),Ⅳ (0.1 Mpa,3 h),Ⅴ (0.2 Mpa,1 h),Ⅵ (0.2 Mpa,2 h),Ⅶ (0.2 Mpa,3 h),Ⅷ (0.3 Mpa,1 h),Ⅸ (0.3 Mpa,2 h),Ⅹ (0.3 Mpa,3 h) with 3 duplicates per group according to the difference in ammonia pressure and period.The detoxification effect of different ammonia treatments on AFB₁ and nutrient composition of the mixture were determined.Trial 2:The trail was divided into four treatments:Control group (group Ⅰ,untreated) and test groups Ⅱ (0.3 Mpa,1 h),Ⅲ (0.3 Mpa,2 h) and Ⅳ (0.3 Mpa,3 h) with 3 duplicates per group to explore the effect of ammoniated AFB₁ on the in vitro fermentation of dairy cows.The gas production,pH,in vivo dry matter degradation rate (IVDMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) of the fermentation broth were measured after 2,4,8,12,24 and 48 h fermentation.The results showed that,in trail 1,the CP content of the test groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05);The AFB₁ content of the group Ⅹ (0.3 Mpa,3 h) was significantly lower than that in the other groups (except group Ⅶ)(P < 0.05).In trail 2,the pH of fermentation broth of group Ⅳ (0.3 Mpa,3 h) was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05),and the gas production,VFA,NH₃-N content and IVDMD (except 48 h) were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05),while the effects of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were not obvious.In summary,ammonia treatment could significantly reduce the content of AFB₁,increase the CP content,and then improve the efficiency of ruminal fermentation,in which the treatment of 0.3 Mpa,3 h had the best effect.

Key words: aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁); ammonia; dairy cows; in vitro fermentation

中图分类号:

S816

张美美, 蒋梦宇, 孙悠然, 魏川子, 谢小来. 不同氨化处理黄曲霉毒素B₁脱毒效果及其对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(1): 130-139.

ZHANG Meimei, JIANG Mengyu, SUN Youran, WEI Chuanzi, XIE Xiaolai. Effects of Different Ammonia Treatments on Aflatoxin B₁ Detoxification and Rumen Fermentation in Dairy Cows[J]. , 2019, 46(1): 130-139.

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不同氨化处理黄曲霉毒素B₁脱毒效果及其对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响

Effects of Different Ammonia Treatments on Aflatoxin B₁ Detoxification and Rumen Fermentation in Dairy Cows

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