脂源性外泌体miRNA对脂代谢调控作用的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.10.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 外泌体作为细胞间信息交流的新模式,通过其携带的miRNA、mRNA和蛋白质等活性因子调控生理和病理下的多种生物学过程。miRNA是外泌体发挥作用的主要因子之一,长19~25 nt,是非蛋白质编码的单链RNA。成熟miRNA通过与靶基因结合,导致mRNA翻译抑制或转录物降解,对脂质代谢具有调控作用。外泌体具有脂质双层膜结构,可作为miRNA运输的良好载体将其运输至受体细胞,在生理和病理过程中发挥作用,外泌体miRNA的调控作用可能是一种新的组织间通信。脂肪组织是畜禽主要的内分泌器官,其分泌的脂肪因子对调控机体代谢稳态有重要作用。脂源性外泌体miRNA作为一种新型脂肪因子,通过体液运输至其他细胞或组织,并通过调控靶基因表达影响其功能,在维持体内代谢平衡中发挥重要作用。作者综述了脂源性外泌体miRNA在脂代谢中的分子调控作用和相关机制,旨在为研究脂源性外泌体miRNA的作用机制、预防和治疗代谢相关疾病等提供理论支撑。

关键词: 外泌体; miRNA; 脂代谢; 脂肪细胞

Abstract: As a new mode of intercellular information exchange,exosomes regulate a variety of biological processes under physiology and pathology recipient cell functions through the factors they carry,such as miRNA,mRNA and proteins.miRNAs are one of the main factors in the functioning of exosomes,without protein coding,miRNAs are 19-25 nt in length and single-stranded RNAs.miRNAs cause inhibition of mRNA translation or degradation of transcripts by binding to target genes,which has regulatory effects on lipid metabolism.Exosomes have a lipid bilayer membrane structure that serves as a good carrier for miRNA transport to recipient cells,where they play a role in physiological and pathological processes.The regulatory role of exosomal miRNAs may be a new type of inter-tissue communication.Adipose tissue is the main endocrine organ of livestock and poultry,and the adipokines it secretes play an important role in regulating the metabolic homeostasis of the body.As a novel adipokine,adipose-derived exosomal miRNAs regulate gene expression in other tissues and play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in vivo.The author reviews the molecular regulatory role and related mechanisms of lipid derived exosomes miRNAs in lipid metabolism,aiming to provide theoretical support for studying the mechanism of lipid derived exosomes miRNAs,preventing and treating metabolic related diseases.

Key words: exosomes; miRNA; lipid metabolism; adipose cell

中图分类号:

S852.21

和月, 陈梦迪, 白锦蕙, 宋霁轩, 夏广军. 脂源性外泌体miRNA对脂代谢调控作用的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(10): 3950-3958.

HE Yue, CHEN Mengdi, BAI Jinhui, SONG Jixuan, XIA Guangjun. Research Progress on the Regulation of miRNA from Adipose-derived Exosomes on Lipid Metabolism[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(10): 3950-3958.

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