β-防御素yTAP对小鼠肠道形态及菌群多样性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.040

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-defensin yak tracheal antimicrobial peptide (yTAP) on intestinal morphology and microbiota diversity in mice,in order to reveal the effect of yTAP on intestinal health and provide a reference for developing yTAP as novel antimicrobial agent.【Method】 Twenty-four 4-week-old ICR mice without specific pathogen (SPF) were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group (CON),5 mg/kg yTAP group (LOW) and 10 mg/kg yTAP group (HIGH) (n=8).Mice in the experimental groups were injected with corresponding concentration of yTAP via tail vein,and mice in the control group were injected with equal volume sterile saline (0.5 mL/mouse).After administration,the mice were fed normally for 7 days,and then killed after weighing,organ tissues were collected and weighed quickly,and organ coefficients were calculated.The intestinal morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Colon contents of mice were collected,genomic DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced based on NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform.【Result】 There was no significant effect of 5 and 10 mg/kg yTAP on body weight and organ coefficients of mice (P＞0.05).Compared with control group,the crypt depth of ileum in 10 mg/kg yTAP group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The Shannon index of colon microflora in 5 mg/kg yTAP group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the Shannon and Simpson indices of colon microbiota in 10 mg/kg yTAP group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).At the phylum level,compared with control group,the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroideta (F/B) in the colon of 10 mg/kg yTAP group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).At the genus level,compared with control group，the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the colon of 5 mg/kg yTAP group increased (P＞0.05).The relative abundance of Odoribacter in the colon of 10 mg/kg yTAP group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with 5 mg/kg yTAP group,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides in the colon of mice in 10 mg/kg yTAP group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).LEfSe analysis results showed that the dominant bacteria in the colon of mice in 5 mg/kg yTAP group were Lactobacillus and Bacteroides,and the dominant bacteria in the colon of mice in 10 mg/kg yTAP group were Staphylococcales.【Conclusion】 Under this experimental conditions,yTAP had no acute toxicity to mice,among which 10 mg/kg yTAP could improve the morphology of ileum mucosa and significantly reduce the Alpha diversity of microbiota.5 mg/kg yTAP could increase the relative abundance of dominant strains such as Lactobacillus and Bacteroides in mice.

Key words: β-defensin; yak tracheal antimicrobial peptide (yTAP); intestinal morphology; intestinal microbiota

CLC Number:

S859.79

LI Xiaoyin, LIU Meng, WU Xinxue, LUO Fan, GAO Yanhua. Effects of β-defensin yTAP on Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Diversity in Mice[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2379-2391.

References

[1] 刘丹华.抗生素滥用与超级细菌[J].国外医药(抗生素分册),2019,40(1):1-4.LIU D H.Abuse of antibiotics and superbugs[J].World Notes on Antibiotics,2019,40(1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[2] CHENG G,HAO H,XIE S,et al.Antibiotic alternatives:The substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry?[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2014,5:217.
[3] KANG H K,KIM C,SEO C H,et al.The therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs):A patent review[J].Journal of Microbiology,2017,55(1):1-12.
[4] WANG J,DOU X,SONG J,et al.Antimicrobial peptides:Promising alternatives in the post feeding antibiotic era[J].Medicinal Research Reviews,2019,39(3):831-859.
[5] PHAN T K,BEVINS C L,HULETT M D.Editorial:Advances in the immunology of host defense peptide:Mechanisms and applications of antimicrobial functions and beyond[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2021,12:637641.
[6] DANESHMAND A,KERMANSHAHI H,SEKHAVATI M H,et al.Antimicrobial peptide,cLF36,affects performance and intestinal morphology,microflora,junctional proteins,and immune cells in broilers challenged with E.coli[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):14176.
[7] YOON J H,INGALE S L,KIM J S,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of synthetic antimicrobial peptide-A3 and P5 on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients,fecal and intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs[J].Livestock Science,2014,159:53-60.
[8] XIE K,XIE H,SU G,et al.Beta-defensin 129 attenuates bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammation and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2019,10:2333.
[9] HAN F,ZHANG H,XIA X,et al.Porcine beta-defensin 2 attenuates inflammation and mucosal lesions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis[J].Journal of Immunology,2015,194(4):1882-1893.
[10] SCHROEDER B O,EHMANN D,PRECHT J C,et al.Paneth cell alpha-defensin 6(HD-6) is an antimicrobial peptide[J].Mucosal Immunology,2015,8(3):661-671.
[11] LUESCHOW S R,MCELROY S J.The paneth cell:The curator and defender of the immature small intestine[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2020,11:587.
[12] FRANZENBURG S,WALTER J,KUNZEL S,et al.Distinct antimicrobial peptide expression determines host species-specific bacterial associations[J].Proceedingsof the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(39):E3730-E3738.
[13] SALZMAN N H,HUNG K,HARIBHAI D,et al.Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology[J].Nature Immunology,2010,11(1):76-83.
[14] WANG S,ZENG X F,WANG Q W,et al.The antimicrobial peptide sublancin ameliorates necrotic enteritis induced by Clostridium perfringens in broilers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(10):4750-4760.
[15] WU S,ZHANG F,HUANG Z,et al.Effects of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin AD on performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli[J].Peptides,2012,35(2):225-230.
[16] TANG X S,SHAO H,LI T J,et al.Dietary supplementation with bovine lactoferrampin-lactoferricin produced by Pichia pastoris fed-batch fermentation affects intestinal microflora in weaned piglets[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2012,168(4):887-898.
[17] 曹旭亮,刘虎,杨果,等.夏季补饲对放牧条件下泌乳牦牛生产性能及血液生理、生化、抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(4):2116-2125.CAO X L,LIU H,YANG G,et al.Effects of summer supplementation on performance and parameters of physiological,biochemical and antioxidant in blood of lactating yaks under grazing condition[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(4):2116-2125.(in Chinese)
[18] MEADE K G,CORMICAN P,NARCIANDI F,et al.Bovine beta-defensin gene family:Opportunities to improve animal health?[J].PhysiologicalGenomics,2014,46(1):17-28.
[19] 周晓舟,刘静怡,程运谋,等.牦牛TAP基因编码区的克隆与序列分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2020,10:110-115.ZHOU X Z,LIU J Y,CHENG Y M,et al.Cloning and sequence analysis of TAP gene coding region of yak[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2020,10:110-115.(in Chinese)
[20] ZHANG R,ZHANG L,JIANG D,et al.Mouse organ coefficient and abnormal sperm rate analysis with exposure to tap water and source water in Nanjing reach of Yangtze River[J].Ecotoxicology,2014,23(4):641-646.
[21] WLODARSKA M,WILLING B,KEENEY K M,et al.Antibiotic treatment alters the colonic mucus layer and predisposes the host to exacerbated Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis[J].Infection and Immunity,2011,79(4):1536-1545.
[22] GRIFFITH G W,OZKOSE E,THEODOROU M K,et al.Diversity of anaerobic fungal populations in cattle revealed by selective enrichment culture using different carbon sources[J].Fungal Ecology,2009,2:87-97.
[23] LEI S,ZHANG Z,XIE G,et al.Theabrownin modulates the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in aging mice induced by D-galactose[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2022,89:104941.
[24] MAGOC T,SALZBERG S L.FLASH:Fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies[J].Bioinformatics,2011,27(21):2957-2963.
[25] HAAS B J,GEVERS D,EARL A M,et al.Chimeric 16S rRNA sequence formation and detection in sanger and 454-pyrosequenced PCR amplicons[J].Genome Research,2011,21(3):494-504.
[26] 刘兴海,魏秀莲,郑君杰.畜禽产品中残留抗生素的危害及消除方法[J].现代畜牧兽医,2007,5:35-36.LIU X H,WEI X L,ZHENG J J.Harm and elimination of antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry product[J].Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2007,5:35-36.(in Chinese)
[27] CHO I,YAMANISHI S,COX L,et al.Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity[J].Nature,2012,488(7413):621-626.
[28] YI H,ZHANG L,GAN Z,et al.High therapeutic efficacy of Cathelicidin-WA against postweaning diarrhea via inhibiting inflammation and enhancing epithelial barrier in the intestine[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:25679.
[29] HANCOCK R E,DIAMOND G.The role of cationic antimicrobial peptides in innate host defences[J].Trends in Microbiology,2000,8(9):402-410.
[30] 夏溪.猪抗菌肽PR39抗细菌感染和保护肠道屏障功能的作用及其机制研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2015.XIA X.Effects and mechanism of antimicrobial peptide PR39 on bacterial infection and intestinal epithelial barrier function[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.(in Chinese)
[31] 韩菲菲,杨莎莎,赵霞,等.抗菌肽LL-37对患结肠炎小鼠肠黏膜屏障的保护功能[J].中国食品学报,2020,20(9):67-73.HAN F F,YANG S S,ZHAO X,et al.Protective effect of antibacterial peptide LL-37 on intestinal mucosal barrier in mouse with colitis[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2020,20(9):67-73.(in Chinese)
[32] WANG K,CHEN G,CAO G,et al.Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance,intestinal structure,and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2019,97(10):4140-4151.
[33] 张志浩.氧化应激对肉鸡肠道粘膜屏障功能的影响以及缓解肠道氧化损伤物质的研究[D].泰安：山东农业大学,2014.ZHANG Z H.Effects of oxidative stress on the intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens and the research of substance to relieve the injury[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[34] 张凯瑛.抗菌肽对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和肠道发育的影响[D].泰安：山东农业大学,2021.ZHANG K Y.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth performance,nutrient availability and intestinal development of broilers[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2021.(in Chinese)
[35] WANG D,MA W,SHE R,et al.Effects of swine gut antimicrobial peptides on the intestinal mucosal immunity in specific-pathogen-free chickens[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(5):967-974.
[36] 张耀文,马文峰,张志丹,等.天蚕素抗菌肽对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道黏膜形态的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2020,41(5):30-35.ZHANG Y W,MA W F,ZHANG Z D,et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on laying performance,egg quality and intestinal morphology of hens during the late laying period[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2020,41(5):30-35.(in Chinese)
[37] CAO C,LI J,MA Q,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with the antimicrobial peptide WK3 on growth performance and intestinal health in diarrheic weanling piglets[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2021,49(1):147-153.
[38] HANEY E F,STRAUS S K,HANCOCK R.Reassessing the host defense peptide landscape[J].Frontiers in Chemistry,2019,7:43.
[39] QIN X,LIU Z,NONG K,et al.Porcine-derived antimicrobial peptide PR39 alleviates DSS-induced colitis via the NF-kappaB/MAPK pathway[J].International Immunopharmacology,2024,127:111385.
[40] 宇晓军,李丹丹,王路义,等.抗菌肽对育成期母貂生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(2):1194-1204.YU X J,LI D D,WANG L Y,et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptide on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibilities and intestinal flora of growing female minks[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(2):1194-1204.(in Chinese)
[41] 谭凤霞,柴毅,彭梦,等.饲料中添加抗菌肽对黄鳝肠道菌群的影响[J].淡水渔业,2020,50(4):76-82.TAN F X,CHAI Y,PENG M,et al.Effects of dietary antimicrobial peptides supplementation on intestinal microflora of monopterus albus[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2020,50(4):76-82.(in Chinese)
[42] CHEN X,ZHAN Y,MA W,et al.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on egg production,egg quality and caecal microbiota of hens during the late laying period[J].Animal Science Journal,2020,91(1):e13387.
[43] RINNINELLA E,RAOUL P,CINTONI M,et al.What is the healthy gut microbiota composition? A changing ecosystem across age,environment,diet,and diseases[J].Microorganisms,2019,7(1):14.
[44] ABENAVOLI L,SCARPELLINI E,COLICA C,et al.Gut microbiota and obesity:A role for probiotics[J].Nutrients,2019,11(11):2690.
[45] SHEN Z H,ZHU C X,QUAN Y S,et al.Relationship between intestinal microbiota and ulcerative colitis:Mechanisms and clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2018,24(1):5-14.
[46] MOSCHEN A R,WIESER V,TILG H.Dietary factors:Major regulators of the gut’s microbiota[J].Gut and Liver,2012,6(4):411-416.
[47] 刘梦雪.抗菌肽对蛋鸡生产性能、免疫功能与肠道菌群的影响[D].秦皇岛：河北科技师范学院,2022.LIU M X.Effects of antimicrobial peptides on performance,immune function and intestinal flora of laying hens[D].Qinhuangdao:Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology,2022.(in Chinese)
[48] HU J,MA L,NIE Y,et al.A microbiota-derived bacteriocin targets the host to confer diarrhea resistance in early-weaned piglets[J].Cell Host & Microbe,2018,24(6):817-832.
[49] MOLINA-TIJERAS J A,DIEZ-ECHAVE P,VEZZA T,et al.Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice through modulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis[J].Pharmacological Research,2021,167:105471.
[50] LIN Y P,THIBODEAUX C H,PENA J A,et al.Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri suppress proinflammatory cytokines via c-Jun[J].Inflammatory Bowel Diseases,2008,14(8):1068-1083.
[51] ENGEVIK M A,RUAN W,ESPARZA M,et al.Immunomodulation of dendritic cells by Lactobacillus reuteri surface components and metabolites[J].Physiological Reports,2021,9(2):e14719.
[52] MORITA N,UMEMOTO E,FUJITA S,et al.GPR31-dependent dendrite protrusion of intestinal CX3CR1^＋ cells by bacterial metabolites[J].Nature,2019,566(7742):110-114.
[53] GAREAU M G,SHERMAN P M,WALKER W A.Probiotics and the gut microbiota in intestinal health and disease[J].Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology,2010,7(9):503-514.
[54] KOH A,DE VADDER F,KOVATCHEVA-DATCHARY P,et al.From dietary fiber to host physiology:Short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites[J].Cell,2016,165(6):1332-1345.
[55] PARADA V D,DE LA FUENTE M K,LANDSKRON G,et al.Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2019,10:277.

Effects of β-defensin yTAP on Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Diversity in Mice

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	YU Miao, LI Yanjiao, ZHAO Yanling, CHAO Zhe, WANG Feng, LI Menghan, JIANG Zhiqiang, ZHANG Ting, XUE Xinyu, REN Zili, SUN Ruiping. Effects of Weaning Stress on Intestinal Morphology, Antioxidant Capacity and Nrf2 Signaling Pathway of Wuzhishan Piglets [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2045-2055.
[2]	ZHONG Min, YANG Xiaopei, LIU Ruiping, SONG Wenjing, ZHONG Yunping. Effect of Dietary Andrographis paniculata Extract Supplementation on the Growth Performance,Serum Biochemistries,and Gut Health in Ningdu Yellow Chickens [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2115-2127.
[3]	OU Jiancun, HUANG Jian, QIU Ting, CEN Mingzhu, ZHENG Chaojun, WANG Wenhe, HUANG Weilong, ZHANG Huihua. Effects of 7 Essential Amino Acids Balanced Low Protein Diet on Growth, Nutrient Digestion and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens at 31 to 60 Days of Age [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1102-1112.
[4]	DONG Liyue, FAN Zuokun, TANG Meihui, TANG Jianqiang, YU Hailiang, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Genxi, XIE Kaizhou, ZHAO Zhenhua, DAI Guojun. Effect of Eimeria tenella on Growth Performance,Immune Organs and Intestinal Morphology of Yellow-feathered Broilers [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1263-1271.
[5]	LI Shinuo, HU Tong, YANG Dingqian, SHAN Xianting, LU Zhiran, TU Yiran, ZHOU Qian, LIANG Kaixuan, QU Honglei, MA Qiugang, HUANG Shimeng. Study on the Colonization Patterns of Microbial Communities in Skin and Fecal Samples of Dezhou Donkeys with Different Skin Conversion Efficiencies [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 94-106.
[6]	SHI Huali, CHEN Siqi, YUN Xianghong, YANG Yichun, ZHANG Aiwu. Effect of Carvacrol on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Microbiota of Minks [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(8): 3279-3287.
[7]	NING Xiaqing, WANG Huiying, ZHANG Nuannuan, WANG Jiaqi, LI Xueqin, JIANG Congcong, ZHAI Fan, ZHANG Shixia. Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Microbiota in Laparoscopic Pneumoperitoneum Rats [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 3176-3184.
[8]	OU Jiancun, CHEN Zhiyong, CEN Mingzhu, ZHENG Chaojun, QIU Ting, ZHANG Huihua. Effects of Wheat Particle Size on Growth Performance,Intestinal Morphology, Digesta Enzyme Activities and Serum Biochemical Indices of Broilers [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(6): 2418-2428.
[9]	FU Bing, ZHOU Donglai, LI Qingrong, XING Dongxu. Research Progress on the Regulation of Animal Intestinal Microbiota by Mulberry Leaves and Its Active Substances [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(6): 2460-2470.
[10]	ZHANG Guanfeng, YANG Tai, SONG Xianfan, XU Weiwei, YANG Zhikang, CHEN Qinghua. Physiological Functions of Bacillus subtilis and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Production [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(4): 1511-1519.
[11]	ZHANG Rui, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Lei, XIAO Yuhang, XUE Yun, SUN Yaojun, CUI Jiuzeng, SONG Yuxuan. Effects of Caragana Diet with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratio on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Intestinal Microflora of Hu Sheep [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(9): 3622-3629.
[12]	YAO Wenna, YAN Shuo, XUE Yue, ZHAO Yulong, SU He, SONG Yongli, LI Xihe, BAO Huala, BAO Siqin. Research Progress on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Mammals [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(8): 3384-3390.
[13]	LIU Zhenni, LEI Xiaowen, LI Jianjun, ZENG Qingyuan, TAN Donghai, ZHONG Yunping, ZHANG Qiang, XIE Hualiang. Effects of Fermented Navel Orange Pomace on Intestinal Morphology,Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function and Microbial Diversity of Muscovy Ducks [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(2): 573-585.
[14]	MO Qianyuan, XIAO Deqin, ZHU Yongwen, YANG Lin, WANG Wence. Research Progress in the Mechanism of Degradation of Plant Polysaccharides by Intestinal Microorganisms [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(10): 4058-4069.
[15]	XIE Jingjing, REN Mengting, FAN Jiahui, JIAO Yaru, HAN Zongxi, MA Deying. Study on Immune Response of Infectious Bronchitis Virus to Chickens and Antiviral Effect of Recombinant Avian Beta-defensins 11 and 12 [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(1): 246-259.