奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌免疫逃避机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.02.031

Abstract

Abstract: Dairy cow mastitis is one of the most common diseases in dairy farming.Mastitis will seriously affect the milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows and increase the elimination rate of dairy cows.Feeding conditions, environmental factors and pathogens can induce mastitis in dairy cows, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) being the most difficult to cure.S. aureus is a highly pathogenic, drug-resistant, and immune-avoiding bacterium mediated by its own secreted enzymes and virulence factors.The long-term survival of S. aureus in the host can lead to the occurrence of long-term chronic mastitis in dairy cows.In this paper, we firstly revealed a series of immune defenses produced by the mammary gland of dairy cows when S. aureus invaded, and then we elaborated on S. aureus relying on the virulence factors, biofilms, surface proteins expressed by S. aureus, as well as small colony variants and persisters produced in the course of evolution to enhance its pathogenicity and drug resistance, revealing that S. aureus was highly pathogenic and drug-resistant, and why it was difficult to cure mastitis in dairy cows caused by S. aureus.Finally, we further elucidated how S. aureus survived under the host’s strong immune defense, and how S. aureus colonized in the mammary gland and evaded phagocytosis through capsular polysaccharides and fibronectin, and secreted neutrophil serine protease inhibitor protein, staphylococcal protein A, extracellular vesicles and other virulence factors to evade the body’s immune phagocytosis.The immunophagocytosis of S. aureus was described, revealing that S. aureus had a high degree of environmental adaptability and numerous means of immune evasion.This paper summarized the mechanism of S. aureus evading mammary gland natural immunity and related research from the above three aspects, which would provide a basis for maintaining the health of dairy cows, preventing the occurrence of mastitis disease in dairy cows, and resisting the invasion of pathogens into the organism.

Key words: dairy cow mastitis; immune defense; Staphylococcus aureus; immune escape

CLC Number:

S852.4

HE Xingli, WANG Zhaoyuan, ZHOU Peiyao, MOU Quanzhou, SHEN Binglei. Research Progress on Immune Escape Mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Cow Mastitis[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(2): 748-758.

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Research Progress on Immune Escape Mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Cow Mastitis

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