大口黑鲈体表溃疡病原菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.02.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】江西省高安市某养殖场的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)体表出现溃疡，肝脏、脾脏及肾脏等器官出现结节，病鱼陆续死亡。本研究旨在分离和鉴定导致大口黑鲈体表出现溃疡及内脏出现结节的病原菌，并评估不同抗菌药对该病原菌的敏感性，从而为大口黑鲈溃疡病的有效防治提供科学依据。【方法】对该养殖场患病大口黑鲈进行解剖，对其肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肠道等部位进行病原菌分离并进行革兰染色。对分离菌进行生理生化特性反应、16S rDNA序列鉴定、系统发育树构建、人工感染试验、病理组织学观察、毒力基因检测及药敏试验。【结果】从患病大口黑鲈的肾脏结节部位中分离出1株优势菌，命名为GALS1。该分离菌单菌落呈圆形且表面光滑，边缘整齐，为革兰阴性菌。菌株GALS1氧化酶反应、葡萄糖发酵、硝酸盐还原及产氨等表现为阳性，甲基红及反硝化等呈阴性，与维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)生化指标一致。分离菌株GALS1的16S rDNA序列与维氏气单胞菌聚为一支，相似性达99%，被鉴定为维氏气单胞菌。人工感染试验结果表明，菌株GALS1对大口黑鲈有较强的致病性，发病鱼表现为活力减弱、体表出血，肝脾肿大。毒力基因检测结果显示，该菌株携带毒力基因act、exu、fla和aerA。药敏试验结果表明，菌株GALS1对头孢曲松、四环素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星等敏感，对青霉素、红霉素、麦迪霉素等耐药。【结论】该养殖场大口黑鲈体表溃疡及内脏结节病病原为维氏气单胞菌，本研究结果可为维氏气单胞菌引起的大口黑鲈病害防治提供参考。

关键词: 大口黑鲈; 维氏气单胞菌; 鉴定; 药物敏感性

Abstract: 【Objective】 An outbreak of disease occurred in a Micropterus salmoides aquaculture facility in Gao’an city,Jiangxi province.The diseased fish exhibited ulcers on the body surface and nodules in organs such as the liver,spleen and kidney,leading to subsequent mortality.The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the pathogenic bacteria that caused ulcers on the body surface as well as nodules on the internal organs of Micropterus salmoides and evaluate the sensitivity of different antibacterials to this pathogen,so as to provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of Micropterus salmoides ulcer disease. 【Method】 The diseased Micropterus salmoides from the aquaculture facility were dissected,and pathogenic bacteria were isolated from organs such as the liver,spleen,kidney and intestine,followed by Gram staining.The isolated strains underwent physiological and biochemical characterization,16S rDNA sequence identification,phylogenetic tree construction,artificial infection tests,histopathological examination,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing. 【Result】 A dominant strain was isolated from the kidney nodules of the diseased Micropterus salmoides and named GALS1.The isolated strain formed round,smooth-surfaced colonies with regular edges and was identified as Gram-negative.The strain exhibited positive reactions for enzyme activity,glucose fermentation,nitrate reduction,and ammonia production,while methyl red and denitrification were negative,consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Aeromonas veronii (A.veronii).The 16S rDNA sequence of strain GALS1 clustered with A.veronii,showing 99% similarity,thus identified as A.veronii.Artificial infection test indicated that strain GALS1 was highly pathogenic to Micropterus salmoides,causing symptoms such as reduced vitality,surface bleeding,and hepatosplenomegaly.Virulence gene detection results showed that the strain carried virulence genes act,exu, fla and aerA.Drug sensitivity test results showed that strain GALS1 was sensitive to cefoperazone,tetracycline,gentamicin and ciprofloxacin,but resistant to penicillin,erythromycin and midecamycin. 【Conclusion】 The etiology of ulcerative and nodular disease in Micropterus salmoides at the aquaculture facility was identified as A.veronii.These findings provided reference for the prevention and control of Micropterus salmoides diseases caused by A.veronii.

Key words: Micropterus salmoides; Aeromonas veronii; identification; drug susceptibility

中图分类号:

S852.61

杜金辉, 章海鑫, 张燕萍, 陈文静, 李完波, 徐先栋. 大口黑鲈体表溃疡病原菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(2): 890-900.

DU Jinhui, ZHANG Haixin, ZHANG Yanping, CHEN Wenjing, LI Wanbo, XU Xiandong. Isolation and Identification of Pathogen of Surface Ulcer in Micropterus salmoides and Drug Susceptibility Analysis[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(2): 890-900.

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