褪黑素保护动物精子的抗氧化机制及应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低温保存是生产中普遍使用的保存动物精液的有效方法，动物精液在低温保存过程中会因氧化应激导致精子组成结构、代谢途径、生理功能和活力改变，进而影响其精子质量和受精率。褪黑素在生产中广泛应用于动物精液的低温保存中，表现出极强的抗氧化特性，能够清除氧化应激产生的自由基，提高冷冻保存后精子的活力和受精率。褪黑素保护精子的作用机制可能是通过提高精液中抗氧化酶系谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，减少精液脂质氧化及氧化产物产生；改善线粒体的氧化磷酸化、电子传递链及三羧酸循环和ATP产生；改善精子质膜、顶体膜、线粒体膜、DNA结构的完整性，增强抗凋亡作用和抑制凋亡蛋白、凋亡基因表达等途径发挥作用。作者综述了褪黑素的抗氧化性能、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化酶基因表达、信号通路及对精子质膜、DNA、线粒体等结构和功能的影响及其相关分子机制，以期为褪黑素在精液保存中的应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 精子; 褪黑素; 氧化损伤; 抗氧化; 低温保存

Abstract: The cryopreservation is an effective method commonly used in production to preserve animal semen，while cryopreservation process of animal sperm can lead to sperm structure，metabolic pathways，physiological functions and vitality alterations caused by oxidative stress，subsequently affecting sperm quality and fertilization rate. Melatonin，which is widely used in the cryopreservation of animal semen in animal production，exhibits potent antioxidant properties，scavenges free radicals generated by oxidative stress，and improves the viability and fertilization rate of sperm after cryopreservation. The mechanism of melatonin protects sperm mainly through the following pathways. Firstly，melatonin can increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)，catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in semen，and reduces lipid oxidation and oxidative products in semen. Secondly，melatonin can improve oxidative phosphorylation，electronic transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle，and ATP production in mitochondria. Thirdly，melatonin can improve the integrity of sperm plasma membrane，acrosomal membrane，mitochondrial membrane and DNA structure. Finally，melatonin also can enhance the anti-apoptotic effect and inhibit the expression of apoptotic proteins and genes. The authors review an overview of the antioxidant properties of melatonin，antioxidant enzyme activities，antioxidant enzyme gene expression，signaling pathways，and the effects on the structure and function of sperm plasma membrane, DNA，mitochondria，and related molecular mechanisms，in order to provide a theoretical reference for the use of melatonin as an antioxidant in the preservation of semen in the future.

Key words: sperm; melatonin; oxidative damage; antioxidant; cryopreservation

中图分类号:

S814.1

潘军, 喻维维, 张传师. 褪黑素保护动物精子的抗氧化机制及应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(10): 4410-4419.

Research Progress on the Antioxidant Mechanism and Application of Melatonin in Protecting Animal SpermPAN Jun, YU Weiwei, ZHANG Chuanshi. Research Progress on the Antioxidant Mechanism and Application of Melatonin in Protecting Animal Sperm[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(10): 4410-4419.

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