新疆伊犁部分地区马蹄叶炎影像学表现及蹄叶层临床病理学特征分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.07.043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】调查新疆伊犁部分地区马匹跛行情况,探究临床自然发生慢性蹄叶炎病例的影像学表现及蹄叶层组织病理学特征,为进一步阐明蹄叶炎的致病机制提供参考。【方法】通过临床检查及跛行等级评价,调查新疆伊犁部分地区655匹马的跛行情况,针对肢蹄病患马进行影像学鉴别诊断,同时采集3匹蹄叶炎患马蹄叶组织制作病理切片,使用常规苏木精伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色和过碘酸雪夫(periodic acid Schiff,PAS)染色观察病理组织学特征。【结果】该地区共有103匹马表现为临床跛行,小型、中型、大型马场跛行≥3级的占比分别为10.9%、14.4%和17.2%。影像学鉴别诊断显示,跛行马匹患有不同程度的关节炎、蹄叶炎及屈腱炎等肢蹄疾病。疑似蹄叶炎患马X线影像学检查显示,第三蹄骨发生重塑,马蹄背侧蹄距增宽,蹄骨背侧与蹄壁背侧不平行,测量背侧蹄距与蹄骨掌侧面长度比例＞30%,冠伸间距增加;HE染色发现,患病组马匹表皮蹄叶和真皮蹄叶连接松散,表皮蹄叶头端尖锐,初级表皮层不同程度水肿,次级表皮小叶散落,且在真皮蹄叶的一些区域散布有大量含铁血黄素及成纤维细胞,偶见少量单核细胞;PAS染色发现,患病组马匹出现不同程度的基底膜与表皮基底细胞分离,表皮与真皮分界处模糊,没有清晰的基底膜边界,次级基底细胞数量增多,分布杂乱,但次级表皮蹄叶层缩短,尖端变钝圆,细胞核被拉长。【结论】新疆伊犁部分地区马匹跛行病例随马场规模的增大呈上升趋势。常见肢蹄疾病是引发跛行的主要原因。部分自然发生蹄叶炎的临床病例影像学表现符合慢性蹄叶炎判定标准,病理组织学表明其已发展到慢性不可逆阶段。影像学及病理组织学特征可将表观影像学变化及微观表皮变化与临床跛行的严重程度相关联,为慢性蹄叶炎的诊断提供理论依据。

关键词: 马; 肢蹄病; 蹄叶炎; 影像学; 病理组织学

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the lameness of horses in some areas of Yili,Xinjiang,and explore the imaging findings and histopathological features of laminitis in natural clinical cases,so as to provide reference for further elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of laminitis.【Method】 Through clinical examination and lameness grade evaluation,the lameness of 655 horses in part of Yili,Xinjiang was investigated,and imaging diagnosis was made for horses with limb and hoof disease.At the same time,the lamellar tissues of 3 horses with laminitis were collected to make pathological sections,and the histopathological features were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining.【Result】 A total of 103 horses in this area showed clinical lameness,and the proportions of lameness≥grade 3 in small,medium,and large scale farms were 10.9%,14.4% and 17.2%,respectively.Imaging differential diagnosis showed that lameness horses had different degrees of arthritis,laminitis and flexor tendinitis.X-ray imaging showed that the third hoof bone remodeled,the dorsal hoof distance widened,the dorsal hoof bone was not parallel to the dorsal hoof wall,the ratio between the measured dorsal hoof distance and the lateral volar length of the road bone was greater than 30%,and the crown extension distance increased.HE staining result showed that the epidermal lamellar and dermal lamellar were loosely connected,the tip of the epidermal lamellar was sharp,the primary epidermal layer was edema to varying degrees,the secondary epidermal lobules were scattered,and there were a large number of hemosiderin-containing and fibroblasts scattered in some areas of the dermal lamellar,and occasionally a small number of eosinophils.PAS staining result showed that the basal membrane and epidermal basal cells were separated to varying degrees,the boundary between epidermis and dermis was blurred,there was no clear boundary of the basal membrane,the number of secondary basal cells increased and their distribution was chaotic,but the hoof layer of the secondary epidermis was shortened,the tip became blunt and the nucleus was elongated.【Conclusion】 The lameness of horses in some areas of Yili,Xinjiang showed an increasing trend with the increase of the scale of horse farms.Common limb and hoof diseases were the main causes of lameness.The imaging findings of some clinical cases of natural laminitis were consistent with the criteria of chronic laminitis,and the histopathology showed that it had developed to a chronic irreversible stage.Imaging and histopathological features could correlate apparent imaging changes and microscopic epidermal changes with the severity of clinical lameness,which could provide theoretical basis for the diagnosis of chronic laminitis.

Key words: horse; limb and foot disease; laminitis; imaging; histopathology

中图分类号:

S858.21

潘平平, 郝江帆, 马玉辉, 缪荣浩, 徐文魁, 赛勒吉布力·夏热甫, 李才善, 李建龙, 郭庆勇. 新疆伊犁部分地区马蹄叶炎影像学表现及蹄叶层临床病理学特征分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(7): 3195-3205.

PAN Pingping, HAO Jiangfan, MA Yuhui, MIAO Ronghao, XU Wenkui, SAILEJIBULI Xiarefu, LI Caishan, LI Jianlong, GUO Qingyong. Imaging Findings and Lamellar Clinicopathological Features of Laminitis in Horse in Parts of Yili Prefecture of Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 3195-3205.

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