猪精液冷冻保存技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.02.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猪精液冷冻保存技术对生猪产业发展有重要意义,有利于提高优秀种公猪的利用率以及实现优秀种质资源的长久保存,促进种猪场降本增效。目前中国猪精液冷冻保存技术取得了一系列进步,国内应用猪冻精配种的受胎率以及产活仔数基本达到了国外冻精配种水平。但是,由于冻融过程会对猪精子造成一定程度的损伤,精子的受精能力下降,受精窗口期缩短,国内、外应用冻精配种的生产成绩仍与常温保存精液存在不小差距。文章回顾了国内、外猪精液冷冻保存技术的发展历程,介绍了猪精液和精子的基本特点,简述了降温过程造成精子损伤的机理,并从冷冻稀释液成分这一角度分析介绍了减小冷冻损伤的机理与方法,如添加冷冻保护剂减少细胞内外冰晶形成、维持细胞内外渗透压以及稳定细胞膜结构;添加抗菌物质抑制解冻后细菌的快速繁殖;添加抗氧化物降低活性氧水平,缓解氧化应激,保护精子结构和受精能力等,最后对猪精液冷冻保存技术未来的发展方向进行展望,以期为相关研究以及实际应用提供参考。

关键词: 猪; 精液; 冷冻保存

Abstract: Boar semen cryopreservation, as a vital technology for swine industry, is conducive to improve the utilization rate of excellent breeding boars and realize the long-term preservation of superior germplasm resources, as well as the elevation of efficiency in breeding farms.At present, various progress has been made in boar semen cryopreservation, the conception rate and the number born alive by domestic application of pig frozen semen have basically reached the level of foreign frozen semen breeding.However, due to the certain degree of damage of pig spermatozoa in frozen-thawed process which caused sperm fertility declined and the fertilization window period shortened, hence there is still a big gap in application of frozen semen.The article reviews the development process of cryopreservation technology for pig semen at home and abroad, introduces the basic characteristics of pig semen and sperm, briefly describes the mechanism of sperm damage caused by the cooling process, and analyzes and introduces the mechanism and methods of reducing freezing damage from the perspective of the composition of cryodiluents, such as adding cryoprotectants to reduce the formation of ice crystals inside and outside cells, maintaining osmotic pressure inside and outside cells, and stabilizing cell membrane structure.Adding antibacterial substances to inhibit the rapid reproduction of bacteria after thawing.Adding antioxidants to reduce reactive oxygen species levels, alleviate oxidative stress, protect sperm structure and fertilization ability, etc.Finally, the future development direction of boar semen cryopreservation technology is expected to provide reference for related research and practical applications.

Key words: boar; semen; cryopreservation

中图分类号:

S828.3

王佳伦, 陈辉, 孙浩玮, 郭瑶瑶, 梁国栋, 马云会, 高磊. 猪精液冷冻保存技术研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(2): 639-648.

WANG Jialun, CHEN Hui, SUN Haowei, GUO Yaoyao, LIANG Guodong, MA Yunhui, GAO Lei. Advances in Boar Semen Cryopreservation Technologies[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(2): 639-648.

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