规模化猪场常见呼吸道细菌性病原的流行病学调查

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.06.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】掌握中国规模化猪场猪呼吸道疾病综合征主要细菌性病原的感染情况。【方法】2021年采集来自全国26个省、市、自治区的647个规模化猪场中有明显呼吸道症状猪的肺脏、气管及分泌物、脾脏和淋巴结等病料2 204份。将病料接种平板后进行纯化培养，可疑菌落通过形态学观察、革兰染色和PCR进行鉴定，对分离的猪链球菌（Streptococcus suis，SS）、副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis，Hps）、多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida，Pm）、支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica，Bb）和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae，APP）进行血清型分析、混合感染分析和药敏试验。【结果】从病料中分离鉴定出647株病原菌，病原菌分离率为29.35%（647/2 204），其中包括306株SS （13.88%）、137株Hps （6.22%）、86株Pm （3.90%）、74株Bb （3.35%）和44株APP （2.00%）。对分离到的SS、Hps和APP进行血清型鉴定，其中SS以血清2型为主，Hps以血清5、13和4型为主，APP以血清1型为主。混合感染结果显示，单一病原菌感染猪场407家，分离到214株SS、82株Hps、38株Pm、47株Bb、26株APP。二重混合感染猪场70家，以SS＋Hps （22家）及SS＋Pm （18家）为主。三重混合感染猪场6家，以SS＋Hps＋Pm （2家）及SS＋Hps＋APP （2家）为主。药敏试验结果显示，分离菌对19种抗菌药表现出不同程度耐药，所有的分离菌对强力霉素和林可霉素耐药，其中Bb表现出严重的多重耐药。【结论】本研究共分离到647株猪呼吸道病原菌，SS以血清2型为主，Hps以血清5、13和4型为主，APP以血清1型为主。不同病原菌之间的混合感染类型复杂，SS＋Hps是最常见的混合感染类型。不同病原菌对19种抗菌药表现出不同程度耐药。本研究结果为监测中国规模化猪场细菌性疾病的流行病学提供数据，对其防控提供参考依据。

关键词: 猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC); 血清型; 混合感染; 药敏试验

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of the test was to understand the infection status of the main bacterial pathogens responsible for porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in large-scale pig farms in China.【Method】 A total of 2 204 samples of lungs, trachea and secretions, spleens and lymph nodes were collected from 647 large-scale pig farms with clinically obvious respiratory symptoms in 26 provinces, cities and autonomous regions of China in 2021.The sample was inoculated into the plate for purification and culture, and then bacteria were identified by morphological observation, Gram staining and PCR identification.In addition, serotype analysis, mixed infection analysis and drug sensitivity test were carried out on isolated Streptococcus suis (SS), Haemophilus parasuis (Hps), Pasteurella multocida (Pm), Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP).【Result】 The results showed that 647 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified.The isolation rate of pathogenic bacteria was 29.35% (647/2 204), including 306 strains of SS (13.88%), 137 strains of Hps (6.22%), 86 strains of Pm (3.90%), 74 strains of Bb (3.35%) and 44 strains of APP (2.00%), respectively.The isolated SS, Hps and APP were chosen to do serotyping tests.The results showed that the major SS was serotype 2, the major Hps was serotype 5, 13 and 4, the major APP was serotype 1.The results of multiple infections showed that the single pathogen infected 407 pig farms, 214 strains of SS, 82 strains of Hps, 38 strains of Pm, 47 strains of Bb and 26 strains of APP were isolated.There were 70 double-mixed infected pig farms, mainly SS+Hps (22 pig farms) and SS+Pm (18 pig farms).There were 6 triple-mixed infected pig farms, mainly SS+Hps+Pm (2 pig farms) and SS+Hps+APP (2 pig farms).The results of drug sensitivity test showed that the isolated bacteria showed different degrees of resistance to 19 kinds of antimicrobial agents, and all the isolated bacteria were resistant to doxycycline and lincomycin, among which Bb showed severe multiple resistance.【Conclusion】 A total of 647 strains of porcine respiratory bacteria pathogens were isolated.SS was mainly serotype 2, Hps was mainly serotype 5, 13 and 4, and APP was mainly serotype 1.The type of multiple infections among different pathogens was complicated, and SS+Hps was the most common type of mixed infection.In this study, different pathogenic bacteria showed different degrees of resistance to 19 kinds of antibiotics.These data could provide a foundation for monitoring epidemiological patterns of bacterial diseases in large-scale pig farms in China, as well as provide reference basis for prevention and control.

Key words: porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC); serotypes; multiple infection; drug sensitivity test

中图分类号:

S852.61

曹琪, 金清, 袁意, 冯逸雪, 孔丹妮, 陈翔鸿, 吴斌, 宋文博, 汤细彪. 规模化猪场常见呼吸道细菌性病原的流行病学调查[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(6): 2439-2449.

CAO Qi, JIN Qing, YUAN Yi, FENG Yixue, KONG Danni, CHEN Xianghong, WU Bin, SONG Wenbo, TANG Xibiao. Epidemiological Investigation of Common Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens in Large-scale Pig Farms[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(6): 2439-2449.

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