品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.10.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P＜0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1~3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬季显著高于春、夏季(P＜0.05);从不同采精月龄对精液品质的影响来看,16~25月龄公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精间隔对精液品质的影响来看,4~5 d为最佳采精间隔,采精间隔过长会导致精子畸形率上升;从不同公猪总乳头数来看,乳头数13~16个时,各精液性状品质都处于中等水平,有利于公猪生产应用。3个品种各精液性状间稳定性趋势不一,杜洛克猪和大白猪精液体积和精子活力的稳定性均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度、精子畸形率和总精子数的稳定性均显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例的稳定性显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05)。各品种中,长白猪稳定性较差;各精液性状中,精子活力稳定性最好。【结论】品种、公猪出生胎次、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液品质,可根据不同品种公猪制定更完善的选择方案,提高精液质量,加速公猪遗传改良。

关键词: 猪; 精液性状; 采精月龄; 采精间隔; 精液性状稳定性

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to explore the effects of breeds,boar birth parities,number of boar piglets in the same litter,number of boar nipples,sperm collection seasons,sperm collection month ages and sperm collection intervals on boar semen quality,as well as the effect of different breeds on the stability of semen quality.【Method】 A total of 27 408 semen records were collected from 909 Duroc,Landrace and Yorkshire boars in a boar station from April 2021 to April 2022.The records were analyzed by the mixed linear analysis model and variance analysis to explore the effects of breeds,boar birth parities,number of boar piglets in the same litter,number of boar nipples,sperm collection seasons,sperm collection month ages and sperm collection intervals on semen volume,semen concentration,sperm motility,proportion of straight moving sperm,sperm malformation rate,total sperm count and stability of semen traits.【Result】 From the effect of different breeds on semen quality,the results show that semen volume and total sperm count of Landrace were significantly higher than those of Yorkshire and Duroc pigs(P＜0.05),semen concentration of Duroc pigs was significantly higher than that of Yorkshire and Landrace pigs (P＜0.05),sperm motility of Duroc and Yorkshire pigs were significantly higher than that of Landrace pigs (P＜0.05),and proportion of straight moving sperm of Yorkshire pigs was significantly higher than that of Landrace and Duroc pigs (P＜0.05),sperm malformation rate of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs was significantly lower than that of Duroc pigs (P＜0.05).From the effect of different boar birth parities on semen quality,boars born from 1st~3rd parities had higher semen quality.From the effect of different semen collection seasons on semen quality,semen concentration,sperm motility and total sperm count in autumn and winter were significantly higher than those of spring and summer(P＜0.05).From the effect of different month ages of semen collection on semen quality,boars aged from 16 to 25 months old had higher semen quality.From the effect of different semen collection intervals on semen quality,4 to 5 days was the best semen collection interval,and long semen collection interval would lead an increasing of sperm malformation rate.From the total number of nipples of different boars,when the number of nipples was 13 to 16,the quality of each semen character was at a medium level,which was conducive to the production and application of boars.The stability trends of semen traits were different from three breeds,semen volume and sperm motility of Duroc and Yorkshire pigs were significantly higher than that of Landrace pigs (P＜0.05).Semen concentration,sperm malformation rate and total sperm count of Duroc pigs were significantly higher than that of Yorkshire pigs (P＜0.05).proportion of straight moving sperm in Yorkshire pigs was significantly higher than that of Landrace and Duroc pigs (P＜0.05).Among the breeds,the stability of Landrace pigs was poor.The stability of sperm motility was the best among all semen traits.【Conclusion】 The breeds,boar birth parities,sperm collection seasons,sperm collection month ages and sperm collection intervals would affect boar semen quality.These factors must be highlighted,which could help to formulate more perfect selection schemes of boar stations in different breeds,improve semen quality and accelerate boar genetic improvement.

Key words: pigs; semen traits; month ages; interval of semen collection; stability of semen traits

中图分类号:

S828

张笑科, 廖伟莉, 李瑶, 吴煜伟, 庄汝柏, 贾百威, 袁晓龙, 李加琪, 黄翔, 张豪. 品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(10): 3879-3890.

ZHANG Xiaoke, LIAO Weili, LI Yao, WU Yuwei, ZHUANG Rubai, JIA Baiwei, YUAN Xiaolong, LI Jiaqi, HUANG Xiang, ZHANG Hao. Effects of Breeds,Seasons,Parity,Month Ages and Interval of Semen Collection for Semen Quality in Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 3879-3890.

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