外源生物制剂对玉米秸秆和马铃薯渣混贮品质及瘤胃降解率的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究外源生物制剂对玉米秸秆与马铃薯渣混贮饲料发酵品质、营养价值及72 h瘤胃降解率的影响, 筛选高效饲用生物制剂, 探索实用的玉米秸秆饲料转化技术。【方法】以粮饲兼用型玉米品种原单32秸秆和克新1号马铃薯渣为试验材料, 以3∶1比例混合青贮。采用完全随机试验设计, 共15个处理, 分别采用酶制剂(CE₁、CE₂、CE₃和CE₄)、菌制剂(LAB)及酶菌复合处理(MCL₁、MCL₂、MCL₃、MCL₄、MCL₅、MCL₆、MCL₇、MCL₈和MCL₉), 并设置不添加任何酶菌制剂的对照组(CK)。青贮发酵60 d之后, 对混贮饲料青贮质量指标及瘤胃降解率进行测定。【结果】混贮饲料各处理及对照感官评定均达到了优级; 酶处理组和酶菌处理组混贮饲料乳酸、乙酸含量均显著高于菌处理组及对照(P<0.05), 其中MCL₂和MCL₄处理组乳酸含量最高, 分别为2.82%和2.77%;与对照相比, 各处理组混贮饲料纤维素、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均显著降低(P < 0.05), 其中MCL₂处理最低, 分别为22.86%、53.43%、33.99%;1 g/3 kg纤维素酶添加处理组(CE₁、MCL₂、MCL₆、MCL₇)纤维素72 h瘤胃降解率均显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。【结论】酶、菌及菌酶协同作用不同程度促进玉米秸秆与马铃薯渣混贮饲料发酵, 改善混贮饲料营养价值, 提高反刍动物瘤胃对营养物质的降解效率, 综合玉米秸秆发酵品质、营养成分及养分瘤胃降解率: 酶菌复合处理>酶处理>菌处理, 其中MCL₂处理组(木聚糖酶1 g/3 kg、果胶酶1 g/3 kg、β-葡聚糖酶1 g/3 kg、乳杆菌3 g/3 kg、纤维素酶1 g/3 kg)效果最佳; 纤维素酶降低玉米秸秆混贮饲料纤维素、ADF、NDF含量, 最适纤维素酶添加量为1 g/3 kg。

关键词: 玉米秸秆; 马铃薯渣; 生物制剂; 青贮品质; 瘤胃降解率

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of exogenous biological agents on the fermentation quality, nutritional value and 72 h rumen degradation rate of corn stalk and potato pulp mixed silage, screen efficient feed biological agents, and explore practical corn straw feed conversion technology.【Method】 The straw of grain and feed maize variety Zhongyuandan 32 was used as the experimental material.The corn variety Zhongyuan Dan 32 straw and Kexin 1 potato were used as experimental materials to mix silage in the ratio of 3∶1. A complete randomized experimental design was adopted. There were 15 treatments: enzyme preparation (CE₁, CE₂, CE₃ and CE₄), bacteria preparation (LAB) and enzyme bacteria compound treatment group (MCL₁, MCL₂, MCL₃, MCL₄, MCL₅, MCL₆, MCL₇, MCL₈ and MCL₉), at the same time, the control group (CK) without any enzyme bacteria preparation was set.After 60 days of silage fermentation, the silage quality index and rumen degradation rate of mixed silage were measured.【Result】 The sensory evaluation of each treatment and control of mixed silage reached excellent grade.The contents of lactic acid and acetic acid in enzyme treated groups and enzyme bacteria treated groups were significantly higher than those in bacteria treated group and control (P < 0.05).The contents of lactic acid in MCL₂ and MCL₄ groups were the highest, 2.82% and 2.77% respectively.Compared with the control, the contents of cellulose, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the mixed silage of each treatment group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the MCL₂ group was the lowest, 22.86%, 53.43% and 33.99%, respectively.The 72 h rumen degradation rate of cellulose in 1 g/3 kg cellulase addition groups (CE₁, MCL₂, MCL₆, MCL₇) were significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05).【Conclusion】 The synergistic effects of enzymes, bacteria and bacterial enzymes promoted the fermentation of corn straw and potato residue mixed silage to varying degrees, improved the nutritional value of mixed silage, improved the degradation efficiency of nutrients in rumen of ruminants.Synthesizing the fermentation quality, nutritional composition and rumen degradation rate of corn straw, enzyme bacteria complex treatments > enzyme treatments > bacteria treatments, in which MCL₂ group (xylanase 1 g/3 kg, pectinase 1 g/3 kg, β-glucanase 1 g/3 kg, Lactobacillus 3 g/3 kg and cellulase 1 g/3 kg) were the best.Cellulase could reduce the contents of cellulose, ADF and NDF in corn straw mixed silage, and the optimum amount of cellulase was 1 g/3 kg.

Key words: corn stalk; potato pulp; biological agent; silage quality; ruminal degradability

中图分类号:

S816.5⁺3

冯鹏, 吴宏达, 郑海燕, 杨曌, 王迪, 师臣, 孟凡坤. 外源生物制剂对玉米秸秆和马铃薯渣混贮品质及瘤胃降解率的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(2): 529-538.

FENG Peng, WU Hongda, ZHENG Haiyan, YANG Zhao, WANG Di, SHI Chen, MENG Fankun. Effect of Exogenous Biological Agents on Silage Quality and Ruminal Degradability of Corn Stalk and Potato Pulp Mixed Silage[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(2): 529-538.

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