基于mtDNA D-loop序列探究门源白牦牛与天祝白牦牛间的遗传差异

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.05.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为从分子水平上探究青海省门源白牦牛与甘肃省天祝白牦牛间的母系遗传差异，本研究对31头门源白牦牛mtDNA D-loop区部分序列进行测定，结合GenBank中已报道的235条天祝白牦牛相应序列，对共计266条白牦牛D-loop序列进行了综合分析。结果表明，在截取的638 bp白牦牛D-loop区分析序列中，排除64处插入或缺失后共检测到80个多态位点，包括5个单一多态位点和75个简约信息位点。根据序列间核苷酸变异共确定了56种单倍型，其中门源白牦牛拥有特有单倍型7种，天祝白牦牛包含特有单倍型43种，二者共享的单倍型只有2种。门源白牦牛单倍型只分布在A、B和C单倍型组中，而天祝白牦牛单倍型分布在A、B、C、D、E和F单倍型组中，并含有4种普通牛单倍型序列，提示天祝白牦牛中存在普通牛遗传渗入。门源白牦牛单倍型多样度为0.862，核苷酸多样度为0.007，而天祝白牦牛单倍型多样度为0.946，核苷酸多样度为0.014，表明天祝白牦牛的遗传多样性水平高于门源白牦牛。门源白牦牛与天祝白牦牛间的遗传分化指数（Fst）为0.114，表明2个品种（群体）间呈中等分化水平。系统发育分析结果显示，56种单倍型可分为2个明显的分支（即Ⅰ和Ⅱ），表明白牦牛有2个母系起源。综上所述，天祝白牦牛的遗传多样性水平高于门源白牦牛，门源白牦牛母系遗传多样性较低；2个品种（群体）间呈中等遗传分化水平，天祝白牦牛存在一定程度的普通牛基因渗入；2个品种（群体）均由2个母系支系组成，提示白牦牛有2个母系起源。鉴于2个品种（群体）间呈中等遗传分化水平，且都拥有特有的单倍型遗传信息，故建议将其均作为独立的"遗传单元"进行遗传资源保护进而开展保种和选育实践。

关键词: 白牦牛; mtDNA; D-loop区; 遗传多样性; 分化; 母系起源

Abstract: In order to explore the maternal genetic difference between Menyuan White yaks in Qinghai province and Tianzhu White yaks in Gansu province,the mtDNA D-loop sequences of 31 Menyuan White yaks were sequenced in this study.Combined with 235 D-loop sequences of Tianzhu White yaks reported in GenBank,266 White yaks D-loop sequences were analyzed.The results showed that 80 polymorphic sites were detected in the 638 bp D-loop sequences,including 5 single polymorphic sites and 75 parsimony informative sites after excluding 64 InDel sites.A total of 56 haplotypes were identified according to the nucleotide sequence variations.Totally,Menyuan White yaks had 7 specific haplotypes and Tianzhu White yaks owned 43 specific haplotypes,but only 2 haplotypes were shared by them.The haplotypes of Menyuan White yaks belonged to A,B and C haplogroups,while the haplotypes of Tianzhu White yaks falled within A,B,C,D,E and F haplogroups and contained 4 Bos taurus haplotypes,which indicated that there was genetic introgression of Bos taurus in Tianzhu White yak breed.The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Menyuan White yaks were 0.862 and 0.007,respectively,while those of Tianzhu White yaks were 0.946 and 0.014,respectively,which showed that the level of genetic diversity of Tianzhu White yaks was higher than that of Menyuan White yaks.The genetic differentiation index (Fst) between two populations was 0.114,which indicated that the genetic differentiation between them was moderate.The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that the 56 haplotypes could be divided into two distinct lineages (Ⅰ and Ⅱ),indicating that White yaks had two maternal origins.In conclusion,both Menyuan White yaks and Tianzhu White yaks had rich maternal genetic diversity,but the latter had higher level of genetic diversity than the former.There was a moderate differentiation between two populations and Tianzhu White yaks had a certain degree of Bos taurus genetic introgression.Each White yak breed (population) was composed of two maternal lineages,suggesting that White yaks had two maternal origins.Considering the moderate genetic differentiation between two populations and the specific haplotypes owned by them,we suggested that they should be considered as independent "genetic unit"for genetic resource protection and then corresponding conservation and breeding practice would be carried out.

Key words: White yaks; mtDNA; D-loop region; genetic diversity; differentiation; maternal origin

中图分类号:

S823.85

李广祯, 马志杰, 陈生梅, 尕布藏, 李瑞哲. 基于mtDNA D-loop序列探究门源白牦牛与天祝白牦牛间的遗传差异[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(5): 1647-1654.

LI Guangzhen, MA Zhijie, CHEN Shengmei, GA Buzang, LI Ruizhe. Genetic Difference Between Menyuan White Yaks and Tianzhu White Yaks Based on mtDNA D-loop Sequences[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(5): 1647-1654.

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