胎盘糖代谢对猪宫内发育迟缓的调控作用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.07.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 宫内发育迟缓（intrauterine growth retardation，IUGR）是指胚胎或其器官在怀孕期间生长和发育受阻，表现为后代生长发育受限或停滞。初生低体重或极低体重是IUGR仔猪的主要特征。IUGR严重影响新生仔猪的存活和后期的生长发育。诱发IUGR的原因包括母体在妊娠期间养分摄入不足、发病、环境应激以及子宫和胎盘功能异常等。猪作为多胎家畜，受IUGR影响最为严重，主要原因在于妊娠期间母猪无法提供足够的养分满足子宫角上所有胎儿正常生长发育的需要。胎盘作为母子之间唯一的联系，胎盘营养物质能否正常转运与代谢是影响胎儿发育的重要因素。碳水化合物是胎儿宫内发育最主要的能量底物，胎盘的糖类转运及代谢异常对IUGR的形成至关重要。在糖代谢的过程中，葡萄糖、磷酸戊糖和果糖可以通过葡萄糖转运蛋白、胎盘滋养层细胞和血管生成等对仔猪宫内发育起到调控作用。文章阐述了胎盘糖代谢对仔猪宫内发育迟缓的调控作用，以期为减少IUGR发生及改善IUGR仔猪的生长发育提供科学依据。

关键词: 猪; 胎盘; 糖代谢; 宫内发育迟缓(IUGR); 调控

Abstract: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) refers to the injury of development of embryos and organs characterized by retardation or stagnation of development of offspring during pregnancy of sow.Low or very low birth weight is the main characteristic of IUGR piglets.IUGR seriously affects the survival and later growth of newborn offsprings.The main causes of inducing IUGR include insufficient maternal nutrient intake,disease,environmental stress and abnormal uterine and placental functions during pregnancy.As multi-fetus domestic animals,pigs are most affected by IUGR,mainly because sows can't provide enough nutrients to meet the needs of normal growth and development of all fetuses in the uterine horn during pregnancy.The normal transport and metabolism of nutrients in placental tissue,the only organ connected between mother and fetus,is a key factor affecting the development of fetal pigs.Carbohydrate is the most important energy substrate in fetal pig development.Abnormal glucose transport and metabolism of placenta are crucial to the formation of IUGR.In the process of glucose metabolism,glucose,pentose phosphate and fructose can regulate intrauterine development of piglets through glucose transporters,placental trophoblastic cells and angiogenesis.In this review,the regulation effect of placental glucose metabolism on intrauterine growth retardation in sows was discussed,which would provide scientific significance to reduce the occurrence of IUGR and improve the growth and development of IUGR piglets.

Key words: pigs; placenta; glycometabolism; intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR); regulation

中图分类号:

S828.9

李绮琪, 隋承融, 杜令菲, 江青艳, 谭成全. 胎盘糖代谢对猪宫内发育迟缓的调控作用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(7): 2122-2132.

LI Qiqi, SUI Chengrong, DU Lingfei, JIANG Qingyan, TAN Chengquan. Regulation Effects of Placental Glucose Metabolism on Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(7): 2122-2132.

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