反刍动物瘤胃发育规律及其调控机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 瘤胃是反刍动物至关重要的消化吸收器官，部分降解的营养物质可直接通过瘤胃上皮被机体吸收和利用。因此，瘤胃的发育程度与反刍动物的生产性能密切相关，而瘤胃发育充分且功能健全是反刍动物最佳生产性能得以发挥的前提条件。然而，幼龄反刍动物瘤胃的生理结构及其功能均发育不完善，需在固体饲料、断母乳等外界刺激下完成经由非反刍阶段向反刍阶段转变的复杂过程，进而才可发挥其重要功能。目前，如何掌握并遵循瘤胃的发育规律，在保证瘤胃充分发育且功能完善的情况下，对幼龄反刍动物实施早期断奶技术，已成为现代反刍动物养殖生产中亟需解决的问题之一。作者就反刍动物瘤胃发育进程中瘤胃微生物菌群的时空演变、瘤胃组织形态学发育和代谢改变及瘤胃发育调控机制进行综述，由生理结构至功能逐层对反刍动物瘤胃的发育规律进行全面总结，阐明影响反刍动物瘤胃发育的相关因素及其可能的调控机制。本文旨在进一步丰富与瘤胃发育相关的理论基础，以期为利用瘤胃发育规律开发促进反刍动物瘤胃发育的营养调控策略提供科学支撑，为挖掘幼龄反刍动物的生产潜力提供新思路。

关键词: 瘤胃发育; 微生物菌群演变; 细胞增殖; 生酮作用

Abstract: In ruminants,the rumen is an important digestive and absorptive organ,and a certain amount of degraded nutrients can be directly absorbed across the rumen epithelium and then utilized by the host.Therefore,the development degree of rumen is closely related to the production performance of ruminants,and the well-developed rumen of young ruminants is essential for the optimal performance in adulthood.However,to perform its normal functions,the undeveloped rumen requires a complex transformation process from the non-ruminant phase to the ruminant phase through the extra stimulation,such as solid feed and weaning.At present,how to utilize the developmental pattern of the rumen to conduct the early weaning of young ruminants and concurrently ensure the well-development of the rumen have become one of the urgent problems in the modern ruminant industry.In this paper.The authors summarized the research progress on the evolution of rumen microbiota,rumen histomorphology and metabolic development and its regulation mechanism.Moreover,the authors comprehensively summarized the development rules of rumen from the physiological structure to the function,and clarified the related factors affecting the rumen development and the possible regulation mechanism.This paper aimed to further enrich the theoretical basis related to rumen development,provide theoretical reference for developing nutritional strategies that promote rumen development and tapping the production potential of young ruminants.

Key words: rumen development; microbiota evolution; cell proliferation; ketogenesis

中图分类号:

Q493.99

李晓彤, 杨凯, 张瑞阳, 丛玉艳. 反刍动物瘤胃发育规律及其调控机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(7): 2055-2062.

LI Xiaotong, YANG Kai, ZHANG Ruiyang, CONG Yuyan. Research Progress of Rumen Development and Its Regulation Mechanism of Ruminants[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(7): 2055-2062.

参考文献

[1] WARDROP I D,COOMBE J B.The post-natal growth of the visceral organs of the lamb Ⅰ.The growth of the visceral organs of the grazing lamb from birth to sixteen weeks of age[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1960,54(1):140-143.
[2] 马满鹏,王炳,屠焰,等.日粮纤维水平和来源影响犊牛生长和胃肠道发育的研究[J].家畜生态学报,2019,40(5):7-12. MA M P,WANG B,TU Y,et al.Effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on calf growth and gastrointestinal development[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2019,40(5):7-12.(in Chinese)
[3] NAEEM A,DRACKLEY J K,STAMEY J,et al.Role of metabolic and cellular proliferation genes in ruminal development in response to enhanced plane of nutrition in neonatal Holstein calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(4):1807-1820.
[4] YÁÑEZ-RUIZ D R,ABECIA L,NEWBOLD C J.Manipulating rumen microbiome and fermentation through interventions during early life:A review[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2015,6:1133.
[5] CEH C A.Environmental,biochemical,and dietary factors that influence rumen development in dairy calves[D].Blacksburg:Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2019.
[6] JIAO J,LI X,BEAUCHEMIN K A,et al.Rumen development process in goats as affected by supplemental feeding vs grazing:Age-related anatomic development,functional achievement and microbial colonisation[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2015,113(6):888-900.
[7] TAMATE H,MCGILLIARD A,JACOBSON N L,et al.Effect of various dietaries on the anatomical development of the stomach in the calf[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1962,45(3):408-420.
[8] REY M,ENJALBERT F,COMBES S,et al.Establishment of ruminal bacterial community in dairy calves from birth to weaning is sequential[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2014,116(2):245-257.
[9] REY M,ENJALBERT F,MONTEILS V.Establishment of ruminal enzyme activities and fermentation capacity in dairy calves from birth through weaning[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(3):1500-1512.
[10] MALMUTHUGE N,LIANG G.Regulation of rumen development in neonatal ruminants through microbial metagenomes and host transcriptomes[J].Genome Biology,2019,20(1):172.
[11] LI B,ZHANG K,LI C,et al.Characterization and comparison of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tracts of the goat (Capra hircus) during preweaning development[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2019,10:2125.
[12] LI R W,CONNOR EE,LI C,et al.Characterization of the rumen microbiota of pre-ruminant calves using metagenomic tools[J].Environmental Microbiology,2012,14(1):129-139.
[13] 杨凤.动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004. YANG F.Animal Nutrition[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[14] JAMI E,ISRAEL A,KOTSER A,et al.Exploring the bovine rumen bacterial community from birth to adulthood[J].The ISME Journal,2013,7(6):1069-1079.
[15] MALMUTHUGE N,GRIEBEL P J,GUAN L L.The gut microbiome and its potential role in the development and function of newborn calf gastrointestinal tract[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2015,2:36.
[16] LI W,GELSINGER S,EDWARDS A,et al.Transcriptome analysis of rumen epithelium and meta-transcriptome analysis of rumen epimural microbial community in young calves with feed induced acidosis[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):4744.
[17] SADET-BOURGETEAU S,MARTIN C,MORGAVI D.Bacterial diversity dynamics in rumen epithelium of wethers fed forage and mixed concentrate forage diets[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2010,146(1-2):98-104.
[18] BALDWIN R L,LI R W,JIA Y,et al.Transcriptomic impacts of rumen epithelium induced by butyrate infusion in dairy cattle in dry period[J/OL].Gene Regulation and Systems Biology,2018,12:1177625018774798.
[19] PETRI R M,WETZELS S U,QUMAR M,et al.Adaptive responses in short-chain fatty acid absorption,gene expression,and bacterial community of the bovine rumen epithelium recovered from a continuous or transient high-grain feeding[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2019,102(6):5361-5378.
[20] JIAO J,HUANG J,ZHOU C,et al.Taxonomic identification of ruminal epithelial bacterial diversity during rumen development in goats[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2015,81(10):3502.
[21] 张科.陕北白绒山羊0~56日龄羔羊胃肠道发育及瘤胃微生物区系研究[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2017. ZHANG K.Research on GI development and rumen microbiome from 0 to 56-day-old at cashmere goat[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2017.(in Chinese)
[22] BALDWIN R L,MCLEOD K R,KLOTZ J L,et al.Rumen development,intestinal growth and hepatic metabolism in the pre-and postweaning ruminant[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87:E55-E65.
[23] SUN D M,MAO S Y,ZHU W Y,et al.Effect of starter diet supplementation on rumen epithelial morphology and expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and metabolism in pre-weaned lambs[J].Animal,2018,12(11):2274-2283.
[24] 解彪,张乃锋,张春香,等.粗饲料对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃发育的影响及其作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1245-1252. XIE B,ZHANG N F,ZHANG C X,et al.Effects of forage on rumen development in young ruminants and its mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(4):1245-1252.(in Chinese)
[25] GOVIL K,YADAV D,PATIL A,et al.Feeding management for early rumen development in calves[J].Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies,2017,5(3):1132-1139.
[26] 刘婷,李发弟,王维民,等.不同日龄补饲开食料对湖羊羔羊瘤胃形态及表皮生长相关基因表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,47(12):2441-2449. LIU T,LI F D,WANG W M,et al.Effects of starter feeding on rumen papilla genes expression involved in cellular growth and morphology in Hu lamb at different ages[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2015,47(12):2441-2449.(in Chinese)
[27] 吕小康,王杰,刁其玉,等.瘤胃上皮细胞增殖和物质转运分子机制的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2657-2664. LYU X K,WANG J,DIAO Q Y,et al.Molecular mechanisms of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation and substance transportation[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(8):2657-2664.(in Chinese)
[28] DIAO Q,ZHANG R,FU T.Review of strategies to promote rumen development in calves[J].Animals,2019,9(8):490.
[29] LIU L,SUN D,MAO S,et al.Infusion of sodium butyrate promotes rumen papillae growth and enhances expression of genes related to rumen epithelial VFA uptake and metabolism in neonatal twin lambs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,97(2):909-921.
[30] MALHI M,GUI H,YAO L,et al.Increased papillae growth and enhanced short-chain fatty acid absorption in the rumen of goats are associated with transient increases in cyclin D1 expression after ruminal butyrate infusion[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(12):7603-7616.
[31] LIU D C,ZHOU X L,LIU G J,et al.Promotion and inhibition of ruminal epithelium growth by butyric acid and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in dairy goats[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(9):2005-2009.
[32] KIM C,SEEDORF G J,ABMAN S H,et al.High throughput imaging identifies a spatially localized response of primary fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cells to insulin-like growth factor 1 treatment[J/OL].BioRxiv,2019,June 17,doi:10.1101/674499.
[33] FLAGA J,G RKA P,KOWALSKI Z,et al.Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2(IGF-1 and IGF-2) mRNA levels in relation to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development in newborn calves[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Vciences,2011,14(4):605-613.
[34] LU J,ZHAO H,XU J,et al.Elevated cyclin D 1 expression is governed by plasma IGF-1 through R as/R af/MEK/ERK pathway in rumen epithelium of goats supplying a high metabolizable energy diet[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2013,97(6):1170-1178.
[35] NOROUZIAN M A,VALIZADEH R.Effect of forage inclusion and particle size in diets of neonatal lambs on performance and rumen development[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2014,98(6):1095-1101.
[36] 王彩莲,郝正里,李发弟,等.0~56日龄放牧羔羊消化道的解剖特点和瘤胃功能变化[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(4):417-424. WANG C L,HAO Z L,LI F D,et al.Anatomical changes of digestive tract and rumen functional development in grazing lamb at the age of 0-56 d[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2010,41(4):417-424.(in Chinese)
[37] 刘思乐.SCFAs对山羊瘤胃平滑肌收缩功能相关信号通路的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2016. LIU S L.Effect of SCFAs on pathway in ruminal smooth muscle contraction function from goat[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2016.(in Chinese)
[38] SU R B,VAN REENEN C,BELDMAN G,et al.Effects of supplementing concentrates differing in carbohydrate composition in veal calf diets:Ⅰ.Animal performance and rumen fermentation characteristics[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(11):4365-4375.
[39] KHAN M A,WEARY D M,VON KEYSERLINGK M A G.Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(7):3547-3553.
[40] NOROUZIAN M A,VALIZADEH R,VAHMANI P.Rumen development and growth of Balouchi lambs offered alfalfa hay pre-and post-weaning[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2011,43(6):1169-1174.
[41] KENDALL P E,MCLEAY L M.Excitatory effects of volatile fatty acids on the in vitro motility of the rumen of sheep[J].Research in Veterinary Science,1996,61(1):1-6.
[42] PFANNKUCHE H,SCHELLHORN C,SCHEMANN M,et al.Age-associated plasticity in the intrinsic innervation of the ovine rumen[J].Journal of Anatomy,2003,203(3):277-282.
[43] LAARMAN A,RUIZ-SANCHEZ A,SUGINO T,et al.Effects of feeding a calf starter on molecular adaptations in the ruminal epithelium and liver of Holstein dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(5):2585-2594.
[44] 孙燕勇,徐明,高民,等.亚急性瘤胃酸中毒对反刍动物瘤胃上皮及内环境影响的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1253-1261. SUN Y Y,XU M,GAO M,et al.Research progress of effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on rumen epithelium and internal environment of ruminants[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(4):1253-1261.(in Chinese)
[45] 李洋,高民,胡红莲,等.反刍动物瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸的吸收机制[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2070-2078. LI Y,GAO M,HU H L,et al.Ruminal absorption mechanism of volatile fatty acids in ruminants[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(6):2070-2078.(in Chinese)
[46] ASCHENBACH J,PENNER G,STUMPFF F,et al.Ruminant nutrition symposium:Role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(4):1092-1107.
[47] 张瑞阳.组学技术研究亚急性瘤胃酸中毒对奶牛瘤胃微生物,代谢和上皮功能的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015. ZHANG R Y.Omics-based approaches to assess the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on rumen microbiota,metabolism and epithelial function in dairy cows[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[48] 吕小康,王杰,刁其玉,等.过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体调控幼龄反刍动物瘤胃的生酮作用及其机制[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1238-1244. LYU X K,WANG J,DAO Q Y,et al.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors:Regulation in ketogenesis of young ruminants and its mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(4):1238-1244.(in Chinese)
[49] LANE M,BALDWIN IV R,JESSE B.Developmental changes in ketogenic enzyme gene expression during sheep rumen development[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(6):1538-1544.
[50] BALDWIN R,JESSE B.Developmental changes in glucose and butyrate metabolism by isolated sheep ruminal cells[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1992,122(5):1149-1153.
[51] WÄCHTERSH USER A,STEIN J.Rationale for the luminal provision of butyrate in intestinal diseases[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2000,39(4):164-171.
[52] WENTZ A E,DAVIGNON D A,WEBER M L,et al.Adaptation of myocardial substrate metabolism to a ketogenic nutrient environment[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2010,285(32):24447-24456.
[53] DONOHOE D R,GARGE N,ZHANG X,et al.The microbiome and butyrate regulate energy metabolism and autophagy in the mammalian colon[J].Cell Metabolism,2011,13(5):517-526.
[54] PENNER G,STEELE M,ASCHENBACH J,et al.Ruminant nutrition symposium:Molecular adaptation of ruminal epithelia to highly fermentable diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(4):1108-1119.