四川省甘孜州牦牛梨形虫感染情况的调查

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.05.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在调查甘孜藏族自治州（甘孜州）全部18个县（市）牦牛梨形虫的感染情况。2018年6月至11月采集甘孜州18个县（市）临床健康牦牛全血1 381份，采用靶向18S rRNA的巢式PCR进行梨形虫核酸检测，并挑选梨形虫核酸检测阳性样本PCR产物共计124份测序鉴定虫种。结果显示，1 381份牦牛样本中梨形虫核酸阳性样本438份，平均阳性率为31.72%，其中半农半牧业县1 093份牦牛样本中梨形虫核酸阳性样本385份，平均阳性率为35.22%，纯牧业县288份牦牛样本中梨形虫核酸阳性样本53份，平均阳性率为18.40%；124份牦牛梨形虫核酸阳性样本中鉴定出感染的虫种有中华泰勒虫76份、吕氏泰勒虫25份、东方泰勒虫3份、绵羊泰勒虫2份、双芽巴贝斯虫1份和水牛泰勒虫1份，其中中华泰勒虫感染率为61.29%，吕氏泰勒虫感染率为20.16%。本试验结果表明，甘孜州牦牛梨形虫感染率较高，不同地区之间存在差异，优势虫种为中华泰勒虫和吕氏泰勒虫，为甘孜州牦牛梨形虫病防控提供了重要参考。

关键词: 梨形虫; 感染情况; 牦牛

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the infection of Piroplasma in yak in all 18 counties (cities) of Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture (Ganzi prefecture).From June to November 2018,a total of 1 381 whole blood samples of clinical healthy yak were collected in all 18 counties of Ganzi prefecture.A nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA was used to detect Piroplasma.Furthermore,a total of 124 positive PCR products were randomly selected to identify parasite species.The results showed that 438 of 1 381 yak blood samples were detected as Piroplasma positive with an average positive rate of 31.72%.Specifically,the 385 of 1 093 yak blood samples were detected as Piroplasma positive in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral counties,the average positive rate was 35.22%.53 of 128 yak blood samples were detected as Piroplasma positive in pure pastoral counties,the average positive rate was 18.40%.In 124 positive PCR products,the species infecting yak were Theileria sinensis (76),Theileria luwenshuni (25),Theileria orientalis (3),Theileria ovis (2),Babesia bigemina (1) and Theileria buffeli (1),respectively.The infection rate of Theileria sinensis was 61.29%,and the infection rate of Theileria luwenshuni was 20.16%.The results in this study showed that the infection rate of Piroplasma in yak was high in Ganzi prefecture,and was different among regions,the predominant species were Theileria sinensis and Theileria luwenshuni,contributing to the prevention and control of piroplasmosis in yak in Ganzi prefecture.

Key words: Piroplasma; infection condition; yak

中图分类号:

S858.23

蓝岚, 李友英, 杨丹娇, 潘瑶, 陈冬明, 贺安祥, 汤承. 四川省甘孜州牦牛梨形虫感染情况的调查[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(5): 1514-1522.

LAN Lan, LI Youying, YANG Danjiao, PAN Yao, CHEN Dongming, HE Anxiang, TANG Cheng. Investigation on the Infection of Piroplasma in Yak in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(5): 1514-1522.

参考文献

[1] QIN S Y,WANG J L,NING H R,et al.First report of Babesia bigemina infection in White yaks in China[J].Acta Tropica,2015,145:52-54.
[2] LI S T,LIU J L,LIU A H,et al.Molecular investigation of piroplasma infection in White yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu province,China[J].Acta Tropica,2017,171:220-225.
[3] 殷铭阳,周东辉,刘建枝,等.中国牦牛主要寄生虫病流行现状及防控策略[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(5):227-230. YIN M Y,ZHOU D H,LIU J Z,et al.Prevalence of yak main parasitic diseases in China and strategies for its control[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(5):227-230.(in Chinese)
[4] 刘娟,刘军龙,刘爱红,等.牛泰勒虫的分离鉴定及进化分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(4):1050-1057. LIU J,LIU J L,LIU A H,et al.The isolation,identification and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria[J].China Animal Husbandry &Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(4):1050-1057.(in Chinese)
[5] ASHUMA,SHARMA A,KAUR P,et al.Application of multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of natural infection of theileriosis,babesiosis,and trypanosomosis in cattle[J].Journal of Veterinary Parasitology,2014,28(2):112-116.
[6] TULI A,SINGLA L D,SHARMA A,et al.Molecular epidemiology,risk factors and haematochemical alterations induced by Theileria annulata in dairy animals of Punjab (India)[J].Acta Parasitologica,2015,60(3):378-390.
[7] VANNIER E,GEWURZ B E,KRAUSE P J.Human babesiosis[J].Infectious Disease Clinics of North America,2008,22(3):469-488.
[8] GABRIELLI S,TOTINO V,MACCHIONI F,et al.Human babesiosis,Bolivia,2013[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2016,22(8):1445-1447.
[9] 党冰怡.郑州地区犬源梨形虫感染情况调查及种系发育分析[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2018. DANG B Y.Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Piroplasma from dogs in Zhengzhou area[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[10] GUAN G,MA M,LIU A,et al.A recently identified ovine Babesia in China:Serology and sero-epidemiology[J].Parasitology International,2012,61(4):532-537.
[11] 杨耀,中拉毛草,刘鹏海,等.一起甘肃省甘南州高原牦牛梨形虫病的诊治[J].中兽医医药杂志,2017,36(2):72. YANG Y,ZHONGLA M C,LIU P H,et al.Diagnosis and treatment of piroplasmosis in yak in the plateau of Gannan prefecture,Gansu province[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,2017,36(2):72.(in Chinese)
[12] GRISI L,LEITE R C,MARTINS J R,et al.Reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in Brazil[J].Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária,2014,23(2):150-156.
[13] LI K,SHAHZAD M,ZHANG H,et al.Socio-economic burden of parasitic infections in yaks from 1984 to 2017 on Qinghai Tibetan Plateau of China-A review[J].Acta Tropica,2018,183:103-109.
[14] QIN G,LI Y,YIN H,et al.Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria infection in cattle and yaks from Tibet Plateau Region,China[J].Parasitology Research,2016,115(7):2647-2652.
[15] LIU J,GUAN G,YIN H,et al.A molecular survey of Babesia species and detection of a new Babesia species by DNA related to B.venatorum from White yaks in Tianzhu,China[J].Front Microbiol,2017,8(21):419.
[16] 陈德明,何熙池,刘发生,等.四川甘孜藏族自治州畜禽疫病调查及区划[Z].甘孜州兽医站,1986. CHEN D M,HE X C,LIU F S,et al.Investigation and division of livestock and poultry diseases in Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan province[Z].Ganzi Veterinary Station,1986.(in Chinese)
[17] 包义玲.牛焦虫病的防治[J].四川畜牧兽医,2004,31(12):50. BAO Y L.Prevention and treatment of piroplasmosis in yak[J].Sichuan Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2004,31(12):50.(in Chinese)
[18] 拥崩扎.乡城县牛焦虫病的流行病学及防治策略[J].湖北畜牧兽医,2016,37(10):34-35. YONG B Z.Epidemiology and control strategies of piriformosis in yak in Xiangcheng county[J].Hubei Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2016,37(10):34-35.(in Chinese)
[19] 王敏.四川省阿坝州部分地区牛羊梨形虫感染情况调查[D].成都:西南民族大学,2018. WANG M.The Piroplasma prevalence in yak and Tibetan sheep in some regions of Aba prefecture,Sichuan province[D].Chengdu:Southwest Minzu University,2018.(in Chinese)
[20] 黄国明,贾立军,薛书江,等.牛卵形巴贝斯虫巢式PCR诊断方法的建立及初步应用[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(10):1484-1487. HUANG G M,JIA L J,XUE S J,et al.Establishment and application of nested PCR assay for detection of Babesia ovata[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2012,32(10):1484-1487.(in Chinese)
[21] 孙明,殷宏,关贵全,等.牛巴贝斯虫巢式PCR检测方法的建立[J].中国兽医科学,2019,49(2):183-189. SUN M,YIN H,GUAN G Q,et al.Development of a nested PCR assay for detection of Babesia bovis[J].Veterinary Science in China,2019,49(2):183-189.(in Chinese)
[22] CACCI S M,ANTUNOVIC B,MORETTI A,et al.Molecular characterisation of Babesia canis and Babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected European dogs[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2002,106(4):285-292.
[23] JONES S W,DOBSON M E,FRANCESCONI S C,et al.DNA assays for detection,identification,and individualization of select agent microorganisms[J].Croatian Medical Journal,2005,46(4):522-529
[24] 钟维,杜雪梅,郝力力,等.四川省阿坝州牦牛和藏绵羊梨形虫分子流行病学调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2019,55(1):20-22. ZHONG W,DU X M,HAO L L,et al.Investigation on molecular epidemiology of Piroplasma infection in yaks and Tibetan sheep in Aba Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan province[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2019,55(1):20-22.(in Chinese)
[25] 简子健,马素贞,孙其喆,等.新疆牛双芽巴贝斯虫病的流行病学调查[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(2):228-247. JIAN Z J,MA S Z,SUN Q Z,et al.Epidemiologic survey for detection of Babesia bigemina-infected cattle in Xinjiang by an improved indirect HSP20 ELISA[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2012,32(2):228-247.(in Chinese)
[26] GOMES J,SOARES R,SANTOS M,et al.Detection of Theileria and Babesia infections amongst asymptomatic cattle in Portugal[J].Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases,2013,4(1-2):148-151.
[27] 杜晓杰.新疆巴州牦牛寄生虫感染情况调查及临床驱虫试验[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014. DU X J.Investigation of Parasitic infection and clinical trials of insecticide in Bazhou yaks in Xinjiang[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[28] 刘道鑫.青海两种蜱的形态学研究及蜱传梨形虫病流行病学调查[D].西宁:青海大学,2014. LIU D X.Morphological study of two species of ticks in Qinghai province and epidemiology survey on the prevalence of tick-borne piroplasmosis[D].Xining:Qinghai University,2014.(in Chinese)
[29] 白启,刘光远,殷宏,等.牛中华泰勒虫(梨形虫亚目:泰勒虫科) 2.分子分类学研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002,33(2):185-190. BAI Q,LIU G Y,YIN H,et al.Theileria sinensis sp nov:A species of bovine Theileria——molecular taxonomic studies[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2002,33(2):185-190.(in Chinese)
[30] YIN H,GUAN G,MA M,et al.Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks transmit at least two different Theileria species:One is infective to yaks,one is infective to sheep[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2002,107(1):29-35.
[31] SHAW M K.Cell invasion by Theileria sporozoites[J].Trends in parasitology,2003,19(1):2-6.