新疆部分规模化牛场犊牛腹泻病毒性病原检测与流行特点分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解新疆养牛业主产区规模化牧场犊牛腹泻主要病毒性病原感染现状及动态变化，为制定精准防控措施提供流行病学调查依据。【方法】本试验采用PCR技术对新疆博乐、伊犁、喀什、昌吉4个地区11个规模化牧场367份腹泻样本进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV)、牛诺如病毒(Bovine Norovirus，BNoV)、牛轮状病毒(Bovine rotavirus，BRV)、牛纽布病毒(Bovine nebovirus，BNeV)和牛冠状病毒(Bovine coronavirus，BCV)5种病毒性病原检测，分析不同季节、地区和不同用途犊牛的5种病原感染差异性。【结果】犊牛腹泻病毒性病原以BVDV检出率最高(26.7%)；存在11种混合感染情况，其中二重感染5种，以BVDV＋BNoV混合感染为主(11.4%)；三重感染5种，以BVDV＋BRV＋BNoV混合感染为主(3.5%)；四重感染仅为BVDV＋BRV＋BNoV＋BNeV混合感染(0.2%)。春夏季BVDV、BRV和BNoV检出率均显著高于秋冬季(P＜0.05)，而BCV和BNeV检出率均显著低于秋冬季(P＜0.05)。伊犁与昌吉地区5种病原均有检出，且伊犁地区BVDV检出率最高(92.3%)，BNoV次之(52.7%)。昌吉地区以BNoV检出率最高(19.5%)，BVDV次之(17.8%)。奶用犊牛仅BNeV检出率高于肉用犊牛(P＜0.05)，奶用犊牛以BNoV感染为主(18.6%)；而肉用犊牛以BVDV感染为主(31.1%)。【结论】调查结果表明，新疆博乐、伊犁、喀什、昌吉4个地区5种腹泻病毒感染存在明显的季节、地区和不同用途牛之间的差异性。本研究结果为这些地区犊牛腹泻综合防治措施的制定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 犊牛腹泻; 病毒性病原; 混合感染; 病毒检测

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to understand the current epidemiological dynamic status of main viral pathogens that cause calf diarrhea in some large-scale farms in 4 dominant cattle production areas in Xinjiang,so as to provide epidemiological investigation basis for formulating precise prevention and control measures.【Method】 In this experiment,367 diarrhoeic anal swab samples were collected from some large-scale farms in prefectures of Bole,Ili,Kashgar and Changji of Xinjiang,5 diarrhea causing viruses,namely,Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV),Bovine norovirus (BNoV),Bovine rotavirus (BRV),Bovine nebovirus (BNeV) and Bovine coronavirus (BCV) were detected by using PCR with the analysis of the difference between seasons,areas and the calf breeds.【Result】 The results showed that BVDV had the highest detection rate of 26.7%.A total of 11 mixed infections were detected,including 5 kinds of double infection,mainly BVDV+BNoV mixed infection (11.4%).There were 5 kinds of triple infection,mainly BVDV+BRV+BNoV mixed infection (3.5%).The quadruple infection was only BVDV+BRV+BNoV+BNeV mixed infection (0.2%).The detection rates of BVDV,BRV and BNoV in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter (P＜0.05),while the detection rates of BCV and BNeV were significantly lower than those in autumn and winter (P＜0.05).Five pathogens were detected in both Ili and Changji regions,with the highest detection rate of BVDV (92.3%) in Ili region,followed by BNoV (52.7%).The detection rate of BNoV was the highest (19.5%) in Changji area,followed by BVDV (17.8%).The detection rate of BNeV in dairy calves was higher than that in beef calves (P<0.05),and BNoV infection was predominant in dairy calves (18.6%).Beef calves were mainly infected with BVDV (31.1%).【Conclusion】 It was concluded that there were significant seasonal,regional and breeds differences in the infection of 5 calf diarrheic causing viruses in Bole,Ili,Kashgar and Changji of Xinjiang.The result of this study provided a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea in Xinjiang.

Key words: calf diarrhea; viral pathogen; mixed infection; virus detection

中图分类号:

S852.65⁺3

丁鼎, 丁晓军, 穆萨·热合曼, 甄杰, 萨拉麦提·斯拉吉丁, 李娜, 孙亚伟, 陈如龙, 姚刚, 马雪连. 新疆部分规模化牛场犊牛腹泻病毒性病原检测与流行特点分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1272-1280.

DING Ding, DING Xiaojun, MUSA Rehman, ZHEN Jie, SALAMAITI Srajiding, LI Na, SUN Yawei, CHEN Rulong, YAO Gang, MA Xuelian. Analysis on Viral Pathogen Detection and Epidemic Characteristics of Calf Diarrhea in Some Large-scale Cattle Farms in Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1272-1280.

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