NLRP3炎症小体在兽医领域的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 炎症小体是先天免疫的重要组成部分，参与多种病理生理学过程。NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD like recepter heat protein domain associated protein 3，NLRP3)作为近年来研究最广泛的炎症小体之一，其在机体对病原微生物感染、维持组织稳态等方面发挥着重要作用。NLRP3炎症小体由NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和半胱氨酸天冬酶1(Caspase-1)等蛋白组成，其活化过程涉及多步骤信号转导，包括启动信号和激活信号。NLRP3炎症小体的活化能够促进Caspase-1的切割与活化，进而介导促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和IL-18的成熟与释放，以及细胞焦亡过程，从而在机体炎症反应中发挥关键作用。在兽医领域，NLRP3炎症小体的研究主要集中在与动物疾病发生发展的关系及其作为治疗靶点的潜力。研究表明，NLRP3炎症小体的过度激活与多种动物疾病相关，其中包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫以及支原体感染等。因此，针对NLRP3炎症小体的调控已成为相关疾病治疗的重要策略，并展现出作为疾病诊断标记物的潜力。目前在兽医临床上，针对NLRP3炎症小体的相关调控机制正在被系统研究。近年来，研究人员开发了一系列针对NLRP3炎症小体的抑制剂，如UK5099、MCC950等，虽然这些抑制剂在动物模型中显示出显著的抗炎作用，但NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂的开发领域仍属于起步阶段且尚未有针对此靶点的药物成功上市，因此开发更接近临床应用的新型NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂仍面临挑战。笔者对NLRP3炎症小体及其在兽医领域的研究进展进行了综述，以期为NLRP3炎症小体应用于治疗动物炎症性疾病的重要靶点提供参考。

关键词: NLRP3炎症小体; 抗炎药物; 疾病发生发展

Abstract: Inflammasome are an important component of innate immunity and participate in various pathophysiological processes.NOD like recepter heat protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) is one of the most extensively studied inflammasome in recent years,plays an important role in the body’s response to pathogenic microorganisms and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.NLRP3 inflammasome is composed of proteins such as NLRP3,apoptosis related spotted protein (ASC),and cysteine aspartate enzyme 1 (Caspase-1),and its activation involves multi-step signal transduction,including initiation and activation signals.The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome can promote the cleavage and activation of Caspase-1,thereby mediating the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18,as well as the process of cell apoptosis,thus playing a key role in the body’s inflammatory response.In veterinary field,research on NLRP3 inflammasome mainly focuses on its relationship with the occurrence and development of animal diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target.Research has shown that excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes is associated with various animal diseases,including bacterial,viral,parasitic,and mycoplasma infections.Therefore,the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome has become an important strategy for the treatment of related diseases and has shown potential as a diagnostic marker for diseases.Currently,research on NLRP3 inflammasome is being comprehensively conducted in veterinary clinical practice.In recent years,researchers have developed a series of inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome,such as UK5099 and MCC950.Although these inhibitors have shown significant anti-inflammatory effects in animal models,the development of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors is still in its infancy，and no target drugs have been successfully marketed.Therefore,the development of novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors that are closer to clinical application remains a challenge.In this paper,the NLRP3 inflammasome and its research progress in veterinary field were reviewed in order to provide reference for the application of NLRP3 inflammasome as an important target in the treatment of animal inflammatory diseases.

Key words: NLRP3 inflammasome; anti-inflammatory drug; occurence and development of diseases

中图分类号:

S851.3

韩晓卓, 王艳平, 崔志成, 于乐, 郝嘉辉, 王盈予, 莫菲, 张路遥, 崔璨璨, 牛生吏. NLRP3炎症小体在兽医领域的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2925-2934.

HAN Xiaozhuo, WANG Yanping, CUI Zhicheng, YU Le, HAO Jiahui, WANG Yingyu, MO Fei, ZHANG Luyao, CUI Cancan, NIU Shengli. Research Progress of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Veterinary Field[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2925-2934.

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