紫锥菊及其提取物的生物活性和在动物养殖中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 紫锥菊(Echinacea)是备受欢迎的天然植物之一,具有抗炎、抗氧化和抑菌等多重生物活性。作为一种安全且具有强免疫活性的天然药物,紫锥菊及其提取物成为不同领域科学家的研究热点。从紫锥菊物种中分离出了多组具有药理活性的化合物,如多糖、糖蛋白、烷酰胺类化合物和咖啡酸类衍生物等,大量研究证明它们可能通过多种信号通路发挥作用,如通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、c-Jun N-末端激酶(JNK)等发挥免疫作用,以及通过核因子E2-相关因子2-Kelch样ECH关联蛋白1(Nrf2-Keap1)、核因子kappa B(NF-κB)等发挥抗氧化作用。近年来,在天然原料需求不断增加的背景下,紫锥菊及其提取物在动物养殖方面也显示出良好的应用前景。动物试验表明,紫锥菊及其提取物在一定程度上可促进动物生长,缓解氧化应激,提高繁殖性能,并调节机体免疫反应,提高抗病能力,降低疾病的发生率和传播风险,从而保障动物健康和生产效益。这种天然的功能性添加剂符合现代消费者对安全、健康食品的需求,也为畜禽养殖业的可持续发展提供了可行的选择。作者就紫锥菊的主要化学组分及其生物活性、作用机制,以及紫锥菊及其提取物在畜禽和水产养殖中的应用现状进行综述,旨在为规范紫锥菊有效成分的标准化提取、深入探究紫锥菊及其提取物在动物生产中的作用机制以及进一步拓宽其在畜禽和水产领域的应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 紫锥菊; 烷酰胺类化合物; 咖啡酸类衍生物; NF-κB/MAPK/TLR4信号通路

Abstract: Echinacea is one of the most popular natural plants,which has multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammation,antioxidation and bacteriostasis.As a kind of natural medicine with strong immune activity and safety,Echinacea and its extract have become the research hotspot for scientists in different fields.Several groups of pharmacologically active compounds have been isolated from Echinacea,such as polysaccharides,glycoproteins, alkylamides and caffeic acid derivatives,etc.A large number of studies have demonstrated that they may exert their effects through multiple signaling pathways,such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),etc.,to exert immunomodulatory effects.Additionally,they may also exert antioxidant effects through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1),nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB),and others.In recent years,under the background of the increasing demand for natural raw materials,Echinacea and its extract also have a good application prospect in animal breeding.Based on animal experiments,Echinacea and its extract to a certain extent have been shown to promote animal growth,alleviate oxidative stress,improve reproductive performance,regulate immune response,enhance disease resistance and minimize the transmission risk,thereby ensuring animal health and optimizing production benefit.This natural farming way meets the needs of modern consumers for safe and healthy food,and also provides a viable option for the sustainable development of livestock and poultry farming.The authors reviewed the main chemical components,their biological activity and the mechanism of action,as well as the application status of Echinacea and its extract in livestock,poultry,and aquaculture,in order to provide theoretical reference for standardizing the extraction of active components of Echinacea,exploring the action mechanism of Echinacea and its extract in animal production,and further broadening its application in livestock,poultry and aquaculture.

Key words: Echinacea; alkylamides; caffeic acid derivatives; NF-κB/MAPK/TLR4 signaling pathway

中图分类号:

S816.7

吴艳玲, 杨楚, 王静, 肖天放. 紫锥菊及其提取物的生物活性和在动物养殖中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(3): 1007-1020.

WU Yanling, YANG Chu, WANG Jing, XIAO Tianfang. Biological Activity and Application in Animal Breeding of Echinacea and Its Extract[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(3): 1007-1020.

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