畜禽精子活力调控基因的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.12.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 精液品质决定着畜禽受精率和繁殖效率,是影响畜禽生产效益的重要因素。精子活力指精液中直线向前运动精子的百分率,是畜禽精液品质最重要的评价指标之一。提高精子活力是改善精液品质的关键。精子活力是受多基因多通路共同调控的复杂性状,为中高遗传力性状,因此遗传改良成为提高精子活力的有效途径。相比传统的遗传改良手段,基因编辑和分子标记辅助选择等育种新技术具有效率高、目的性强、周期短的特点,为畜禽育种提供了全新机遇。目前,已知影响畜禽精子活力的基因数量有限,限制了育种新技术在精子活力遗传改良工作中的应用。因此,鉴定调控畜禽精子活力的关键基因是育种工作的重要环节。基因主要从精子结构和功能两方面调控精子活力,包括对精子结构缺陷、能量代谢、离子通道、DNA完整性、精液成分等方面的调控。文章介绍了在精子结构和功能两方面调控精子活力的功能基因,概述了其作用机制和研究进展,旨在为畜禽精子活力相关的分子育种工作提供参考。

关键词: 精子活力; 基因; 精子结构异常; 精子功能缺陷

Abstract: The quality of semen determines the fertilization rate and reproductive efficiency of domestic animals,and is an important factor affecting the efficiency of domestic animals production.Sperm motility refers to the percentage of sperm moving forward in a straight line in semen,which is one of the most important evaluation indicators of domestic animals semen quality.Improving sperm motility is the key to improve semen quality.Sperm motility is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes and pathways,which is a medium to high heritability trait.Therefore,genetic improvement has become an effective way to improve sperm motility.Compared with the traditional means of genetic improvement,new breeding technologies such as genome editing and molecular marker assisted selection have the characteristics of high efficiency,strong purpose and short cycle,providing new opportunities for domestic animals breeding.At present,the number of known genes affecting sperm motility of domestic animals is limited,which limits the application of new breeding technology in genetic improvement of sperm motility.Therefore,the identification of key genes regulating the sperm motility is important for domestic animals breeding.Genes mainly regulate sperm motility from two aspects of sperm structure and sperm function,including sperm structure defects,energy metabolism,ion channels,DNA integrity,semen composition and other aspects.This paper introduces the functional genes that regulate sperm motility in both sperm structure and sperm function,and summarizes their mechanism and research progress,aiming to provide reference for molecular breeding related to sperm motility.

Key words: sperm motility; gene; sperm structure abnormality; sperm function defect

中图分类号:

S813.3

刘一正, 曹骏逸, 盖凯, 丛百林, 郭世浩, 邢凯, 齐晓龙, 王相国, 肖龙菲, 龙城, 郭勇, 盛熙晖. 畜禽精子活力调控基因的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(12): 4958-4972.

LIU Yizheng, CAO Junyi, GAI Kai, CONG Bailin, GUO Shihao, XING Kai, QI Xiaolong, WANG Xiangguo, XIAO Longfei, LONG Cheng, GUO Yong, SHENG Xihui. Research Progress on the Genes Regulating Sperm Motility in Domestic Animals[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(12): 4958-4972.

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