细胞自噬对动物卵泡发育调控的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.11.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 卵泡是雌性哺乳动物发挥其繁殖能力的基础，其发育是一个动态的过程，主要涉及原始卵泡的形成、卵泡的募集、优势卵泡的选择、成熟卵泡的排卵以及排卵后卵泡的黄体化。卵泡发育的整个过程受内分泌系统、细胞自噬、细胞凋亡等的调控。自噬是一种进化上保守的应激反应过程，通过将细胞内物质包裹形成自噬体并传递到溶酶体中进行降解，以帮助细胞维持胞内物质代谢平衡，其在卵泡发育的过程中发挥着重要作用，一方面它能够通过降解或回收受损的蛋白质或有害代谢产物缓解应激造成的卵泡损伤，另一方面它又通过产生大量自噬体导致细胞器过度降解而引起卵泡闭锁。自噬对卵泡发育的调控需要PI3K-Akt-mTOR、MAPK-ULK1、ERK1/2、Sirt1-FOXO1-Atg7等多种经典信号通路的参与，这些信号通路在激素、氧化应激、细胞饥饿等的刺激下，通过独立作用或相互作用促进或抑制自噬调控卵泡细胞的生理活动。目前已知不同的自噬水平对卵泡细胞的存活具有不同作用，但关于决定细胞能否存活的自噬水平的研究还比较少。此外，自噬对卵泡发育调控的研究主要集中在颗粒细胞中，而对卵母细胞的成熟和卵泡膜细胞的作用的报道较少。文章简述了自噬在卵巢储备的形成、生长卵泡的发育、黄体的形成和退化及卵泡闭锁中的作用，并分析了一些常见的化工产品和应激诱导的自噬对卵泡发育的影响，以期为全面了解自噬在卵泡发育中的调控作用提供一定的参考。

关键词: 自噬; 卵巢; 卵泡发育; 颗粒细胞

Abstract: The follicle is fundamental for female mammals to exert their reproductive capacity, and its development is a dynamic process that mainly involves the formation of primordial follicles, the recruitment of follicles, the selection of dominant follicles, the ovulation of mature follicles and the luteinization of follicles after ovulation.Follicle development is regulated by complex physiological activities, such as the endocrine system, autophagy, apoptosis, and so on.Aautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved stress-responsive process that forms autophagosomes by enveloping intracellular materials and delivering them to lysosomes for degradation to help cells maintain the intracellular material metabolic balance, which plays an important role in the process of follicle development, on the one hand it can alleviate the follicle damage caused by stress by degrading or recycling damaged proteins or harmful metabolites; On the other hand, it can cause follicular atresia by generating a large number of autophagosomes for excessive degradation of organelles.The regulation of follicular development by autophagy requires the involvement of multiple canonical signaling pathways, such as PI3K-Akt-mTOR, MAPK-ULK1, ERK1/2 and Sirt1-FOXO1-Atg7, which have been shown to regulate the physiological activity of follicle cells by promoting or inhibiting autophagy through independent actions or interactions under the stimulation of stresses, such as hormones, oxidative stress, and cell starvation.Different levels of autophagy are currently known to have different effects on the survival of follicle cells, but there are still relatively few studies on the level of autophagy that determines whether a cell can survive.In addition, studies on the regulation of follicular development by autophagy have focused on granulosa cells, while the role of oocyte maturation and follicular membrane cells has been less well reported.In this review, the authors briefly describe the role of autophagy in the formation of ovarian reserve, the development of growing follicles, the formation and regression of corpus luteum and follicular atresia.In addition, the effects of autophagy induced by chemicals and stress on follicular development are analyzed, which will provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of autophagy in follicular development.

Key words: autophagy; ovary; follicular development; granulosa cells

中图分类号:

S814.8

董书餐, 侯碧巍, 邹娴, 李耀坤, 刘德武, 孙宝丽, 郭勇庆, 邓铭, 柳广斌. 细胞自噬对动物卵泡发育调控的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(11): 4335-4345.

DONG Shucan, HOU Biwei, ZOU Xian, LI Yaokun, LIU Dewu, SUN Baoli, GUO Yongqing, DENG Ming, LIU Guangbin. Research Progress on Regulation of Follicle Development by Autophagy in Animals[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(11): 4335-4345.

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