骨骼肌生长发育过程及调控研究现状

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 骨骼肌是哺乳动物最大的组织，其功能或再生特性的丧失会导致生长发育不良及肌肉骨骼疾病。骨骼肌有600多块单独的肌肉，起支撑和运动的作用。骨骼肌可以被机体自主控制，这也是其不同于平滑肌和心肌的一个特点。农业动物的骨骼肌是肉产品的主要来源，为人类提供优质的动物蛋白和营养物质。影响生长发育的因素众多，肌肉的生长和发育决定着肉的产量和品质，是农业动物生产中极其重要的经济性状。骨骼肌的生长、发育调控涉及众多基因及其相关通路的激活或沉默，是一个极其复杂的多层次调控网络。作者综述了骨骼肌的结构、组成和生长发育过程，介绍了包括生长因子和细胞因子等在内的多种调节因子对肌肉发育的调控作用，并结合现有研究结果预测到未来发展方向将是重要候选基因的体外和体内试验验证，最终转化到实际生产应用中，为骨骼肌生长发育的分子调控机制研究和肌肉遗传疾病的治疗提供理论基础和参考依据。

关键词: 骨骼肌; 生长发育; 调控

Abstract: Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in mammals, and the loss of its functional or regenerative properties could lead to dysplasia and muscle skeletal diseases. The animal body has more than 600 muscles, which play a role in support and exercise. Skeletal muscle can be autonomously controlled by the body, which is a feature different from smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. The skeletal muscle of agricultural animals is the main source of meat products, providing humans with high-quality animal protein and nutrients. There are many factors that affect growth and development. The growth and development of muscle determines the yield and quality of pork, which arecrucial economic characters in agricultural animal production. The regulation of growth and development of skeletal muscle involves the activation or silencing of many genes and related pathways, which is a complex multi-level regulatory network. Here, the structure and composition, and growth and development process of skeleta muscle are reviewed. This paper also introduces many regulators on muscle development, including growth factors and cytokines. Base on the available results, it is believed that the future research will focus on the experimental validation of important candidate genes in vitro and in vivo, and then finally applytobreeding practice, which will provide a theoretical foundation for the study on molecular regulation mechanism of growth and development of skeletal muscle and the treatment of muscle genetic diseases.

Key words: skeletal muscle; growth and development; regulation

中图分类号:

Q445

付玉, 张博, 凌遥, 张浩. 骨骼肌生长发育过程及调控研究现状[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(10): 3565-3574.

FU Yu, ZHANG Bo, LING Yao, ZHANG Hao. Reviews on Process and Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(10): 3565-3574.

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