猪伪狂犬病病毒灭活疫苗对猪伪狂犬病病毒流行毒株和经典毒株的免疫保护效果评估

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.04.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评估猪伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies virus，PRV）灭活疫苗（HN1201-ΔgE株）免疫后对PRV流行毒株和经典毒株的保护效果，本研究对试验猪分别免疫PRV灭活疫苗（HN1201-ΔgE株）和PRV活疫苗（Bartha-K61），免疫后第0、7、10、14、17、21、24和28天采血测定PRV gB抗体，并分别使用PRV流行毒株HN1201株和经典毒株闽A株测定免疫后第0、7、14、21和28天血清的中和抗体水平，于免疫后第28天分别使用HN1201株和闽A株攻毒并观察，之后测定体温，测定攻毒后第7和14天PRV gE抗体，及攻毒后0~8 d的排毒情况。结果显示，HN1201-ΔgE免疫组较Bartha-K61免疫组gB抗体和中和抗体产生早，且抗体水平较高。两个免疫组试验猪在攻毒后虽然均无明显临床症状，且免疫组织化学检测（IHC）组织中的病毒抗原均为阴性，但HN1201-ΔgE免疫组试验猪脏器未见任何病理损伤，Bartha-K61免疫组试验猪部分脏器具有病理损伤。与未免疫对照组相比，2个免疫组试验猪在HN1201株和闽A株攻毒后，gE抗体转阳时间晚且排毒率低，HN1201-ΔgE免疫组gE抗体水平整体均低于Bartha-K61免疫组，攻毒后排毒检测中，Bartha-K61免疫组于2个毒株攻毒后第3~5天可检测到排毒，而HN1201-ΔgE免疫组全程未检测到排毒。研究结果表明，灭活疫苗（HN1201-ΔgE株）对PRV流行毒株和经典毒株均可提供完全保护。

关键词: 猪伪狂犬病; 灭活疫苗; 流行毒株; 经典毒株; 免疫保护

Abstract: In order to evaluate of the protective efficacy of Pseudorabies virus (PRV) inactivated vaccine (HN1201-ΔgE) against the challenge of PRV epidemic and classic strains,piglets were immunized with the inactivated vaccine (HN1201-ΔgE) and live vaccine (Bartha-K61) separately and the gB antibody (Ab) was evaluated using the serum samples collected pre-immune and 7,10,14,17,21,24 and 28 days post-immunization.The pigs were challenged with the epidemic strain of HN1201 and the classical strain of Fa at the 28th day post-immunization,respectively.After challenging,the body temperature,gE antibody (7 and 14 days post-challenge),and the virus shedding (0-8 days post-challenge) were tested.The results showed that the production of gB Ab in HN1201-ΔgE immunization group was earlier and higher than that in Bartha-K61 immunization group.Compared with control group,the appearance of gE Ab in all immunization groups postponed and showed a lower rate of virus shedding after challenge.The control group showed typical clinical symptoms and pathological damage after challenge,together with the positive result of antigen detection in IHC test,while the piglets in the two immunization groups had no obvious clinical symptoms,and the IHC test was negative,except part of the organs in the Bartha-K61 immunization group had minor pathological damage.Compared with control group,the pigs in two immunization groups showed a late seroconversion of gE antibody.The gE antibody level of the HN1201-ΔgE immunization group was lower than that of the Bartha-K61 immunization group.The Bartha-K61 immunization group showed virus shedding on the 3rd to 5th day post challenge.While no virus shedding was detected in the HN1201-ΔgE immunization group.Our studies suggested that the inactivated vaccine (HN1201-ΔgE strain) provided complete protection against the challenge of both the PRV epidemic and classical strains.

Key words: porcine pseudorabies; inactivated vaccine; pandemic strain; classic strain; immune protection

中图分类号:

S852.4

王玉宙, 谢莉敏, 郭玲花, 白小飞, 孙哲, 黄柏成, 肖燕, 田克恭. 猪伪狂犬病病毒灭活疫苗对猪伪狂犬病病毒流行毒株和经典毒株的免疫保护效果评估[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(4): 1396-1404.

WANG Yuzhou, XIE Limin, GUO Linghua, BAI Xiaofei, SUN Zhe, HUANG Baicheng, XIAO Yan, TIAN Kegong. Efficacy Evaluation of Pseudorabies Virus Inactivated Vaccine Against the Challenge of the Epidemic and Classic Strains[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(4): 1396-1404.

参考文献

[1] OLIVER R E.Aujeszky's disease[J].Australian Veterinary Journal,1989,66(12):432-433.
[2] FREULING C M,MULLER T F,METTENLEITER T C.Vaccines against Pseudorabies virus (PrV)[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2017,206:3-9.
[3] TONG W,LIU F,ZHENG H,et al.Emergence of a Pseudorabies virus variant with increased virulence to piglets[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2015,181(3-4):236-240.
[4] AN T Q,PENG J M,TIAN Z J,et al.Pseudorabies virus variant in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pigs,China,2012[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2013,19(11):1749-1755.
[5] LUO Y,LI N,CONG X,et al.Pathogenicity and genomic characterization of a Pseudorabies virus variant isolated from Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in China[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2014,174(1-2):107-115.
[6] BO Z,MIAO Y,XI R,et al.Emergence of a novel pathogenic recombinant virus from Bartha vaccine and variant Pseudorabies virus in China[J].Transboundary and Emerging Diseases,2020,Epub ahead of print.
[7] WANG J,CUI X,WANG X,et al.Efficacy of the Bartha-K61 vaccine and a gE^-/gI^-/TK^- prototype vaccine against variant Porcine pseudorabies virus (vPRV) in piglets with sublethal challenge of vPRV[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2020,128:16-23.
[8] WANG T,XIAO Y,YANG Q,et al.Construction of a gE-deleted Pseudorabies virus and its efficacy to the new-emerging variant PRV challenge in the form of killed vaccine[J].BioMed Research International,2015,2015:684945.
[9] YANG Q Y,SUN Z,TAN F F,et al.Pathogenicity of a currently circulating Chinese variant Pseudorabies virus in pigs[J].World Journal of Virology,2016,5(1):23-30.
[10] XIANG S,ZHOU Z,HU X,et al.Complete genome sequence of a variant Pseudorabies virus strain isolated in Central China[J].Genome Announcements,2016,4(2):e00149-00116.
[11] ZHANG C,GUO L,JIA X,et al.Construction of a triple gene-deleted Chinese Pseudorabies virus variant and its efficacy study as a vaccine candidate on suckling piglets[J].Vaccine,2015,33(21):2432-2437.
[12] GU Z,DONG J,WANG J,et al.A novel inactivated gE/gI deleted Pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine completely protects pigs from an emerged variant PRV challenge[J].Virus Research,2015,195:57-63.
[13] WANG C H,YUAN J,QIN H Y,et al.A novel gE-deleted Pseudorabies virus (PRV) provides rapid and complete protection from lethal challenge with the PRV variant emerging in Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in China[J].Vaccine,2014,32(27):3379-3385.
[14] YU X,ZHOU Z,HU D,et al.Pathogenic pseudorabies virus,China,2012[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2014,20(1):102-104.
[15] CONG X,LEI J L,XIA S L,et al.Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a gE/gI/TK gene-deleted Pseudo-rabies virus variant in susceptible animals[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2016,182:170-177.
[16] DONG J,GU Z,JIN L,et al.Polymorphisms affecting the gE and gI proteins partly contribute to the virulence of a newly-emergent highly virulent Chinese Pseudorabies virus[J].Virology,2018,519:42-52.
[17] MORENKOV O S,FODOR N,SOBKO Y A,et al.Immunological characterisation of glycoprotein E of Aujeszky's disease virus[J].Virus Research,1997,51(1):65-79.
[18] VALLBRACHT M,BRUN D,TASSINARI M,et al.Structure-function dissection of Pseudorabies virus glycoprotein B fusion loops[J].Journal of Virology,2018,92(1):e01203-01217.
[19] GALDIERO S,VITIELLO M,D'ISANTO M,et al.The identification and characterization of fusogenic domains in Herpes virus glycoprotein B molecules[J].Chembiochem,2008,9(5):758-767.
[20] HELDWEIN E E,LOU H,BENDER F C,et al.Crystal structure of glycoprotein B from Herpes simplex virus 1[J].Science,2006,313(5784):217-220.
[21] ZARIPOV M M,MORENKOV O S,SIKLODI B,et al.Glycoprotein B of Aujeszky's disease virus:Topographical epitope mapping and epitope-specific antibody response[J].Research in Virology,1998,149(1):29-41.
[22] NAKAMURA T,IHARA T,NUNOYA T,et al.Role of Pseudorabies virus glycoprotein Ⅱ in protection from lethal infection[J].Veterinary Microbiology,1993,36(1-2):83-90.
[23] ZARIPOV M M,MORENKOV O S,FODOR N,et al.Distribution of B-cell epitopes on the Pseudorabies virus glycoprotein B[J].The Journal of General Virology,1999,80(Pt 3):537-541.
[24] DE PELSMAEKER S,DIERICK E,KLUPP B,et al.Expression of the Pseudorabies virus gB glycoprotein triggers NK cell cytotoxicity and increases binding of the activating NK cell receptor PILRβ[J].Journal of Virology,2019,93(7):e02107-e02118.
[25] WU F,LV Y,ZHANG S,et al.Isolation and characterization of a variant Psedorabies virus HNXY and construction of rHNXY-TK/gE[J].Animals (Basel),2020,10(10):1804.