钙振荡在哺乳动物卵母细胞受精过程中的作用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.04.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哺乳动物的精子和卵母细胞由减数分裂产生，其遗传物质减半，功能高度特化。精卵结合后，染色体数恢复，获得发育的全能性，重启有丝分裂，开始个体的生长。受精时，精子引起卵母细胞内的钙离子（Ca²⁺）以一定的频率波动，称为钙振荡。Ca²⁺周期性的变化，驱动下游蛋白的活动，完成卵母细胞的激活。作者主要介绍了受精时钙振荡启动的机制，以及其持续时间、振幅、频率对哺乳动物卵母细胞正常受精的影响；同时，讨论了Ca²⁺在卵母细胞内外运输的通道和钙振荡发生和维持的机制；分析了钙振荡对卵母细胞的细胞周期恢复和母源mRNA翻译的调控作用和机制。目前，关于卵母细胞激活事件信号通路的研究已经取得了很大的进展，但每个单独事件所涉及的分子机制尚未完全确定。本综述探讨了哺乳动物受精时卵母细胞内钙信号研究的现状和未来研究的方向，为保障人类生殖健康和提高畜牧繁殖效率提供参考。

关键词: 卵母细胞; 受精; 钙振荡; 卵母细胞激活

Abstract: Mammal sperm and oocytes are produced by meiosis,leading to haploid genomes.The gametes are highly specialized.After the sperm-oocytes fusion,the number of chromosomes are restored,and the developmental totipotency is re-obtained.Following that the mitosis is restarted and individual starts to grow.During fertilization,sperm causes the calcium ions (Ca²⁺) rising at a certain frequency,which is called Ca²⁺ oscillation.The Ca²⁺ oscillation drives the activity of downstream proteins to complete the activation of the oocytes.This article mainly discussed the mechanism of initiation,maintenance and function of Ca²⁺ oscillation during fertilization.The duration,amplitude,and frequency of Ca²⁺ oscillation affect the secretion of cortical granules,the resumption of MⅡ arrest,and the recruitment of maternal mRNA.This article also reviewed how Ca²⁺ oscillations activate maternal mRNA transcription and restart mitosis of zygote.Recent years,great progress has been achieved in discovering signaling pathways that drive oocytes activation events,but the molecular mechanisms involved in each individual event have not yet been fully determined.This review discussed the deficiencies and future directions of related reasarch.In the future,the elucidation of the role of Ca²⁺ oscillation will definitely benefit reproductive techniques for human and the livestock industry.

Key words: oocyte; fertilization; calcium oscillations; oocytes activation

中图分类号:

S814

朱天奇, 李佳, 刘国世, 张鲁. 钙振荡在哺乳动物卵母细胞受精过程中的作用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(4): 1343-1350.

ZHU Tianqi, LI Jia, LIU Guoshi, ZHANG Lu. The Roles of Calcium Oscillations in the Fertilization and Activation of Oocytes[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(4): 1343-1350.

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