RNA N6-腺苷酸甲基化修饰及其生物学功能

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： N⁶-腺苷酸甲基化（N⁶-methyladenosine，m⁶A）是真核生物mRNA的一种转录后修饰，是一个动态可逆过程，由甲基转移酶、去甲基化酶和结合蛋白催化，介导真核生物的各种生物学过程，参与多种细胞基因表达调控和疾病的病理过程。近年来，随着人们对RNA修饰认识的不断深入和和高通量测序技术的发展，人们对m⁶A甲基化修饰在细胞分化、动物生长发育、疾病的发生等生物学功能的探索也越来越迫切。作者介绍了m⁶A甲基化修饰的特征及其相关的3种酶、m⁶A修饰的检测技术，及其在mRNA调控、干细胞分化、肿瘤发生和转移上的生物学功能，简述了m⁶A甲基化修饰对畜禽（如猪、鸡）生长发育方面的调控，最后对m⁶A甲基化修饰在未来的研究方向及发展前景做出展望，以期为后续m⁶A甲基化修饰在动物生长过程中的深入研究和预防治疗疾病上的应用提供参考。

关键词: RNA甲基化修饰; m⁶A; 甲基转移酶; 去甲基化酶; 阅读蛋白

Abstract: N⁶-methylation modification (N⁶-methyladenosine,m⁶A) is a post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA,which is a dynamic and reversible process,catalyzed by methyltransferases,demethylases and binding proteins.It can mediate various biological processes of eukaryotes and participate in the regulation of various cellular gene expression and pathological processes of diseases.With the continuous deepening of people's understanding of RNA modification and the development of high-throughput sequencing technology in recent years,people are increasingly exploring the biological functions of m⁶A methylation modification in cell differentiation,animal growth and development,and disease occurrence.This article introduced the characteristics of m⁶A methylation modification and its related three enzymes,detection technology of m⁶A modification,as well as its biological functions in mRNA regulation,stem cell differentiation,tumorigenesis and metastasis,and a brief overview of m⁶A methylation modification regulating the growth and development of livestock and poultry animals such as pigs and chickens.Finally,the future research direction and development prospects of m⁶A methylation modification were prospected,with a view to the subsequent m⁶A methylation modification in the animal life process,in order to provide references for in-depth research and application in the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Key words: RNA methylation modification; m⁶A; methyltransferase; demethylase; reading protein

中图分类号:

Q752

邹菊红, 黄艳娜, 蒋钦杨. RNA N⁶-腺苷酸甲基化修饰及其生物学功能[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(4): 1196-1203.

ZOU Juhong, HUANG Yanna, JIANG Qinyang. RNA m⁶A Methylation Modification and Its Biological Function[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(4): 1196-1203.

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RNA N⁶-腺苷酸甲基化修饰及其生物学功能

RNA m⁶A Methylation Modification and Its Biological Function

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