基因工程重组乳酸菌防控动物疫病的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.04.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大多数传染性病原体通过黏膜表面进入宿主，因此除了传统诱导系统免疫的注射疫苗外，还应该开发能诱导黏膜免疫的疫苗，从而在黏膜侵入点建立第一道防线，阻止病原体侵入机体。乳酸菌是人和大多数动物肠道内常见的益生菌，具有营养、免疫、抗感染等作用。自20世纪90年代以来，乳酸菌便作为食品级载体用作外源基因的表达，其可刺激机体产生针对其表达的外源蛋白的免疫反应，因而基因工程重组乳酸菌可作为潜在的黏膜免疫候选疫苗。乳酸菌作为疫苗载体具有许多有吸引力的优势：使用方式简单、非侵入性（通过口腔或鼻内）、能接受基因修饰且遗传稳定、表达蛋白不需纯化、成本相对较低、安全性能最高、在体内长期存活并不断表达外源蛋白、单次接种即可产生持久的免疫应答等。目前，选择正常菌群的乳酸菌为载体，构建重组乳酸菌已在预防细菌、病毒、寄生虫等病原感染宿主方面迅速开展起来，将它们用于预防相应疫病模型中均已取得了较好的防治效果。作者就近5年来基因工程重组乳酸菌的制备及其在防控动物疫病方面的研究进展作一综述。

关键词: 乳酸菌; 基因工程; 重组

Abstract: Most infectious pathogens enter the host through the mucosal surface.Therefore,besides the traditional vaccines that induce systemic immunity,mucosal vaccination should also be developed to establish the first line of defense at the mucosal invasion site to eliminate pathogens.Lactic acid bacteria are common probiotics in the intestines of humans and most animals,and have the functions of nutrition,immunity and anti-infection.Since 1990s,lactic acid bacteria have been used to express exogenous genes as food-grade carriers.The ability of lactic acid bacteria to elicit an immune response against expressed foreign antigens has led to their function as potential mucosal vaccine candidates.Lactic acid bacteria as vaccine vectors have many attractive advantages:Simple,noninvasive administration (usually oral or intranasal),the acceptance and stability of genetic modifications,expression of protein without purification,relatively low cost,and the highest level of safety possible,long-term survival in the body and continuous expression of foreign proteins,a single vaccination can produce a lasting immune response,and so on.At present,lactic acid bacteria as the normal bacterial group are selected as the carriers,and the recombinant lactic acid bacteria have been rapidly developed in many fields,such as,bacteria,viruses,parasites,etc.,and they have achieved significant effects in the corresponding disease models.This paper reviewed the preparation of genetically engineered recombinant lactic acid bacteria and the research progress in the prevention and control of animal diseases in the past five years.

Key words: lactic acid bacteria; genetic engineering; recombinant

中图分类号:

Q939.9

刘乃芝, 亓秀晔, 郭杨丽, 程福亮, 徐海燕, 谷巍, 单宝龙, 王春凤. 基因工程重组乳酸菌防控动物疫病的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(4): 1199-1208.

LIU Naizhi, QI Xiuye, GUO Yangli, CHENG Fuliang, XU Haiyan, GU Wei, SHAN Baolong, WANG Chunfeng. Research Progress of Genetic Engineering Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria on Epidemic Prevention and Control of Animal Diseases[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(4): 1199-1208.

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