DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控脂肪沉积的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.02.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

脂肪沉积是一个复杂的生物学过程，受遗传和表观遗传的调控作用。DNA甲基化和去甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要方式，可通过与转录因子的相互作用或改变染色质的结构调控基因的表达，进而参与机体生长发育和细胞分化等重要的生命过程。动物脂肪沉积是脂肪细胞增殖分化和肥大的结果，脂肪细胞分化是由多能干细胞经前体脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞转化的过程。相关研究表明，转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（peroxisome proliferator activiated receptor γ，PPARγ）和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白家族（CCAAT enchancer binding protein family，CEBPs）在脂肪沉积过程中起关键调控作用。近期研究发现，DNA甲基化可以通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达而参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育。去甲基化也可影响动物脂肪沉积过程，但其具体机制目前尚不清楚。作者主要介绍了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的定义、发生位点、生物学功能、参与DNA甲基化和去甲基化过程中的酶及其作用机制，概述了脂肪沉积过程及PPARγ、C/EBPα等转录因子在脂肪沉积过程中的调控作用，重点阐述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化对脂肪形成相关基因的表达和对脂肪细胞分化的影响，旨在为阐明脂肪沉积机制及改善动物肉质品质提供参考。

关键词: DNA甲基化; 去甲基化; 脂肪沉积; 调控

Abstract:

Adipose deposition is a complex biological process,and is regulated by genetic and epigenetic effects.DNA methylation and demethylation are important ways of epigenetic modification,can participate in important life processes such as growth and development of body and cell differentiation by interacting with transcription factors or altering the structure of chromatin.Animal adipose deposition is the result of adipocyte proliferation and differentiation and hypertrophy.Adipocyte differentiation is a process in which pluripotent stem cells are transformed into precursor adipocyte and then differentiated into mature adipocytes.Related studies have shown that the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activiated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein family (CEBPs) play key regulatory roles in adipose deposition.Recent studies found that DNA methylation can participate in the differentiation of adipocytes and the growth and development of adipose tissue by regulating the expression of related genes in the process of adipogenesis.Demethylation can also affect the adipose deposition process in animals,but the specific mechanism is still unclear.This article introduced the definition,site of occurrence biological function,related enzyme and mechanism of DNA methylation and demethylation,then introduced the adipose deposition process and the role of transcriptional regulators such as PPARγ and C/EBPα in adipose deposition.The effects of DNA methylation and demethylation on the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and adipocytes differentiation were highlighted.This paper provides a reference for clarifying the mechanism of adipose deposition and improving meat quality in animal production.

Key words: DNA methylation; demethylation; adipose deposition; regulation

中图分类号:

Q341

王鹤洁, 秦本源, 王媛媛, 郭玉龙, 宋鹏康, 刘亚丹, 乐宝玉, 张宁芳, 成志敏, 高鹏飞, 郭晓红, 李步高, 曹果清. DNA甲基化与去甲基化调控脂肪沉积的研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(2): 519-525.

WANG Hejie, QIN Benyuan, WANG Yuanyuan, GUO Yulong, SONG Pengkang, LIU Yadan, LE Baoyu, ZHANG Ningfang, CHENG Zhimin, GAO Pengfei, GUO Xiaohong, LI Bugao, CAO Guoqing. Research Advances on DNA methylation and Demethylation to Regulate Adipose Deposition[J]. , 2019, 46(2): 519-525.

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