沙蚕的生态修复作用及虾蚕共育信息化养殖模式

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.02.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沙蚕（Nereis diversicolor）作为底栖多毛类动物的优势类群，在生态修复中有着广泛的应用。虾池经过长时间、高密度的养殖，普遍存在底质老化、水生态环境恶化等问题，导致虾病的暴发和流行，给对虾养殖造成巨大的损失。底质环境的好坏对养虾的成败至关重要。在虾池中投放一定密度的沙蚕可以有效缓解底质中有害物质的积累。随着物联网技术在水产养殖中的应用，信息化的养殖模式将是未来水产养殖的发展趋势。作者在综述沙蚕生态修复作用的基础上，阐述了在对虾养殖中投放一定数量沙蚕的重要性和必要性，并对虾蚕共育模式进行了理论分析，进一步综合信息化、生态化和集约化的理念，设计形成虾蚕共育信息化养殖模式。在对虾养殖过程中，搭配沙蚕这一沉积食性的底栖清洁生物，使虾池得以自身净化，从而为对虾和沙蚕的生长营造良好的生态环境，同时利用物联网技术对养殖系统进行智能控制，实现养殖与智能的结合，提高养殖户的管理水平和水产品的品质。目前，虾蚕共育信息化养殖模式正处在探索和建立阶段，实际生产过程中有很多问题需要解决，作者对该模式中可能存在的问题进行了分析，并对其应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 沙蚕; 生态修复; 对虾; 虾蚕共育; 信息化

Abstract:

As an advantaged group of demersal polychaete animals, Nereis diversicolor is widely used in ecological remediation. Shrimp pond has long-term cultivation in high density, and the problems such as substrate aging and deterioration of water quality exist, leading to the popularity of shrimp disease and creating massive loss. The overall quality of sedimentary environments clearly determines the outcomes of shrimp cultivation. Putting a certain density of Nereis diversicolor (N. diversicolor) in the shrimp pond can effectively relieve accumulation in the harmful materials. With the increased utilization of the internet of things (IoT) in aquiculture, aquacultural informatization will become a trend in the future. Beginning with a discussion on the ecological remediation function of N. diversicolor, the authors denotes the importance and necessity of mixed culture of shrimp and N. diversicolor. They designed the shrimp-N. diversicolor co-cultivation informatization breeding mode, while combining the concepts of informatization and ecologicalization with intensification. Compared with the existing traditional intensive farming, the new pattern introduces N. diversicolor to the shrimp pond, allowing it to purify itself. It utilizes the IoT technology, so as to effectively realize the integration of aquiculture and artificial intelligence. Moreover, it enhances the breeding level and quality of the aquatic products. However, the shrimp-N. diversicolor co-cultivation informatization breeding mode is now at a stage of exploration and establishment; thus, there are numerous problems and difficulties that need to be resolved and overcome in the actual production process. This paper analyzes possible difficulties that may emerge with the mode, and peers into the future of its application.

Key words: Nereis diversicolor; ecological remediation; shrimp; shrimp-N.diversicolor co-cultivation; informatization

中图分类号:

S966

刘峰, 孙涛, 赵玉涵, 李光亚, 马正. 沙蚕的生态修复作用及虾蚕共育信息化养殖模式[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(2): 544-551.

LIU Feng, SUN Tao, ZHAO Yuhan, LI Guangya, MA Zheng. The Ecological Rehabilitation Function of Nereis diversicolor and the Informatization Breeding Mode Based on Shrimp-Nereis diversicolor Co-cultivation[J]. , 2018, 45(2): 544-551.

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