哺乳中后期纯血马驹粪便细菌组成、丰度及多样性变化分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】旨在探究哺乳中后期纯血马驹粪便细菌组成、丰度及多样性的变化,为优化马驹哺乳期护理及高效、健康养殖提供参考依据。【方法】选取出生日期相近、体重(144.33±16.10)kg的哺乳中后期纯血马公驹5匹,进行60 d的饲养试验。于马驹断奶前(3、4和5月龄)使用无DNA酶管采集粪便样品,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台检测粪便样品中微生物多样性。【结果】①3、4和5月龄马驹粪便菌群中共有OTU为627个,特有的OTU数量分别为202、177和194个;3个阶段马驹粪便Chao1、ACE、Shannon和Simpson指数均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。主成分分析结果显示,马驹粪便中的菌群群落差异较小,较为稳定。②3、4和5月龄马驹粪便的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)和Patescibacteria等;优势菌科为毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、动球菌科(Planococcaceae)、微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)、颤螺旋菌科(Oscillospiraceae)和厌氧菌科(Anaerovoracaceae)等;优势菌属为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、嗜冷芽孢杆菌属(Psychrobacillus)、未分类的毛螺菌属(unclassified_Lachnospiraceae)、未培养的瘤胃细菌(uncultured_rumen_bacterium)和Christensenellaceae_R_7_group等。③门水平上,5月龄马驹粪便疣微菌门相对丰度显著低于3月龄,螺旋体菌门相对丰度显著高于3、4月龄,纤维杆菌门相对丰度显著高于4月龄(P＜0.05);科水平上,3月龄马驹粪便阿克曼西亚科相对丰度显著高于4和5月龄(P＜0.05);属水平上,各月龄十大优势菌属间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。【结论】综上所述,在相同的饲养环境下,随着月龄的增加,马驹粪便菌群多样性指数呈波动性增长;粪便微生物排名前十的优势菌种类一致,但相对丰度存在差异,且马驹粪便中存在的差异菌随着月龄的增加而降低。

关键词: 纯血马; 马驹; 粪便菌群; 多样性分析

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of the experiment was to explore the changes of bacterial composition,abundance and diversity in the feces of pure blood ponies in the middle and later stages of lactation,so as to provide reference basis for optimizing nursing and efficient and healthy breeding of foals during lactation.【Method】 Five male foals with similar birth date and weight of (144.33 ±16.10) kg in the middle and later stage of lactation were selected for 60 days feeding experiment.Fecal samples were collected without DNA enzyme tube before weaning (3,4 and 5 months old),and the microbial diversity in fecal samples was detected by IlluminaMiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform.【Result】 ①There were 627 OTU in fecal flora of 3-,4-and 5-month-old foals,and the number of endemic OTU was 202,177 and 194,respectively,but there was no significant difference in Chao1,ACE,Shannon and Simpson index among the three stages (P>0.05).The results of principal component analysis showed that the difference of microflora in the feces was small and stable.②The dominant phylums in the faeces of 3-,4-and 5-month-old foals were Firmicutes,Bacteroidota,Actinobacteriota,Verrucomicrobiota and Patescibacteria,while the dominant families were Lachnospiraceae,Planococcaceae,Micrococcaceae,Oscillospiraceae and Anaerovoracaceae.The dominant genus were Arthrobacter,Psychrobacillus,unclassified_Lachnospiraceae,uncultured_rumen_bacterium and Christensenellaceae_R_7_group.③At the phylum level,the relative abundance of verruca in the feces of 5-month-old foal was significantly lower than that of 3-month-old,the relative abundance of Spirochete was significantly higher than that of 3- and 4-month-old,and the relative abundance of Fibrillaria was significantly higher than that of 4-month-old (P＜0.05).At the family level,the relative abundance of Ackermanniaceae in the feces of 3-month-old foal was significantly higher than that of 4- and 5-month-old (P＜0.05).At the genus level,there was no significant difference among the ten dominant bacteria of each month (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 To sum up,in the same feeding environment,the diversity index of fecal microflora of foal fluctuated with the increase of age,and the dominant species of the top 10 microorganisms in feces were the same,but the relative abundance was different.and the differential bacteria in foal feces decreased with the increase of age.

Key words: thoroughbred horse; foal; fecal flora; diversity analysis

中图分类号:

S821.9

任斐儿, 郭翠洁, 杨帆, 陈开旭. 哺乳中后期纯血马驹粪便细菌组成、丰度及多样性变化分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(10): 3967-3975.

REN Feier, GUO Cuijie, YANG Fan, CHEN Kaixu. Analysis on the Changes of Bacterial Composition,Abundance and Diversity in the Feces of Pure Blood Ponies in the Middle and Later Stages of Lactation[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(10): 3967-3975.

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