动物寄生虫口服疫苗研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.09.031

Abstract

Abstract: Parasitic diseases seriously affect the health and safety of humans and animals around the world, and the economic losses are huge.Therefore, it is necessary to develop targeted vaccines for parasitic diseases to block the transmission of parasitic diseases between animals, and between animals and humans.Parasites have a variety of immune evasion mechanism, the developed subunit vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, inactivated vaccine have not achieved the desired preventive effect, and commercialized vaccines are mostly injectable vaccines, ordinary injection vaccines are cumbersome operations, high transportation and storage requirements and easy to cause animal stress, directly affecting economic costs, so in actual production we need new vaccines with more simple operation, easy storage, lower immunization cost to effectively prevent and control parasitic diseases.Many studies have shown that oral vaccines are easy to administer and only need to be vaccinated by oral administration and the host has a high level of antibody titer, which is expected to become an effective means of preventing parasitic diseases.Oral vaccine is a new type of vaccine, relying on the host's mucosal immune system to produce an effect, that is, through the body's mucosal surface inoculation can induce the body to produce lasting mucosal immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity, providing efficient immune protection for the host.Compared with traditional vaccines, the most significant advantages of oral vaccines are that they are easy to administer and have little stress, and they can also form a strong mucosal immune barrier.However, factors such as the environment of the gastrointestinal tract and the susceptibility to the formation of immune tolerances have also created great challenges for the development of oral vaccines.The author reviewed the mechanism of the mucosal immune system and oral vaccines, as well as the research progress of parasite oral vaccines in recent years and advantages and challenges of oral vaccines in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of parasite oral vaccines.

Key words: parasite oral vaccines; mucosal immunity; mechanism of action

CLC Number:

S852.7

JIA Xinyue, MA Jing, ZHANG Yanyan, MA Xun, WANG Zhengrong, BO Xinwen. Research Progress on Oral Vaccine of Animal Parasites[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(9): 3569-3580.

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Research Progress on Oral Vaccine of Animal Parasites

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