纳米抗体的制备与临床应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.02.031

Abstract

Abstract: Antibody is a class of immunoglobulin protein that specifically recognize and bind antigens.It is also a major component of humoral immunity in the body.The applications of antibody is rapidly expanding as the development of science and technology and the in-depth research of antibody.Nowadays,antibody can be used as affinity ligand or probes for the research on protein-protein interaction,protein-nucleic acid interaction,the orientation and distribution of biological macromolecules,used as immunosuppressant or drugs for the treatment of autoimmune disease,tumor or infectious disease,also can be applied in disease diagnosis,food safety testing and environmental monitoring by combining with a variety of labeling techniques.However,the disadvantages of traditional antibodies,such as high production cost,poor tissue penetration and immune rejection,limiting their wide applications in certain fields.In recent years,scientists have committed to develop search for minimolecule antibodies,and have developed chimeric antibodies,small-molecule antibodies,bi-specific antibodies and other new antibodies.Nanobody (Nb),also known as variable heavy chain domain (VHH) antibody,is a signal domain antibody consisting of only one variable heavy chain domain.Nanobody retains the full antigen-binding ability of the heavy chain antibody.It has the advantages of small molecular weight,strong tissue penetration,high antigen affinity,ability to recognize hidden epitopes,low immunogenicity,stable structure,good water solubility,low production cost and easy industrialization,showing great application prospect in the fields of disease diagnosis,treatment of drugs and infectious disease,detection of small molecule drugs and toxin residues.In this paper,the characteristics of nanobody were introduced firstly,followed by the briefly description of the nanobody preparation process.The applications of nanobody in the fields of disease diagnosis,disease treatment,food safety and environmental monitoring were then reviewed emphatically,and the applications of nanobody in veterinary clinic were finally prospected.

Key words: nanobody; diagnosis of disease; pathogen detection; environmental monitoring; veterinary clinic

CLC Number:

YAN Hao, FENG Jianyuan, ZHANG Ziyi, YANG Songxin, XU Chunyu, WEI Meng, HUANG Qingping, CHEN Hailan. Progress in Preparation and Clinical Application of Nanobody[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(2): 685-694.

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Progress in Preparation and Clinical Application of Nanobody

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