口蹄疫病毒在宿主细胞增殖及免疫逃逸机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease,FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)引起的一类偶蹄类动物感染的高度接触性传染病。该病传播途径多，速度快，给全球畜牧业带来了巨大的经济损失，因而被世界动物卫生组织(World Organization for Animal Health，WOAH)列为A类动物传染病之首。笔者综述了FMDV基因组结构、增殖及免疫逃逸机制等最新研究进展，揭示了FMDV通过整联蛋白受体和硫酸乙酰肝素受体以及目前尚未发现的第3种“受体”侵入细胞并在宿主中进行复制表达的机制，阐明了FMDV在与宿主的长期共同作用过程中进化出逃避宿主天然免疫的机制，并发现多个结构蛋白和非结构蛋白参与了对天然免疫信号通路活化的抑制。通过对FMDV细胞增殖及免疫逃逸机制的研究，阐明FMDV的致病机制，可为今后提高口蹄疫的防控提供思路。

关键词: 口蹄疫病毒(FMDV); 增殖; 免疫逃逸; 致病机制

Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease infected with cloven-hoofed animals,caused by Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).The disease has the characteristics of multiple transmission routes and fast transmission speed,so as to cause huge economic losses to global livestock farming.Therefore,FMD is classified as the top of category A in animal infectious diseases by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH).The authors review the updated research on the genomic structure,the mechanism of proliferation and immune evasion of FMDV,which revealed the mechanism of invading cells and replicating and expression for FMDV in the host depending on the integrins receptor,the heparan sulfate receptor,as well as a third "receptor" that has not yet been discovered,and illustrating the mechanism of evading the natural immunity of the host that has been evolved during the striving of FMDV and host with each other.It is also found that multiple structural and non-structural proteins have participated in the inhibition of the activation of natural immunity signaling pathways.By studying the mechanisms of cell proliferation and immune escape of FMDV,elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of FMDV can provide ideas for improving the prevention and control of FMD in the future.

Key words: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV); proliferation; immune evasion; infection mechanism

中图分类号:

S852.62

李海洋, 高永宇, 李翰文, 冯宏盛, 鲜钰涵, 杨思宇, 桑辰君, 曹玉蝶, 唐越, 李子彬, 高凤山. 口蹄疫病毒在宿主细胞增殖及免疫逃逸机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1250-1262.

LI Haiyang, GAO Yongyu, LI Hanwen, FENG Hongsheng, XIAN Yuhan, YANG Siyu, SANG Chenjun, CAO Yudie, TANG Yue, LI Zibin, GAO Fengshan. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Proliferation and Immune Evasion in Host Cells[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1250-1262.

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