222 nm远紫外线的杀菌作用及安全性评价

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.07.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】环境中的病原菌传播是当前疾病防控中亟待解决的难题,传统紫外线(254 nm)是目前环境消毒的主要方式,因其对机体免疫系统、皮肤和眼睛造成不可逆转的损伤而受到限制,故探索一种无间断、安全有效的消毒手段是一项有前景的研究。【方法】选取恶劣的场地考察222 nm远紫外线无间断照射8 h对环境中病原菌的消杀作用,其中阴性对照组不做处理,阳性对照组敞开放置,远紫外组敞开放置的同时用远紫外线距离30 cm进行照射;对临床常见致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌)涂布后连续照射30 min,并设置阴性和阳性对照组,对比远紫外线与传统紫外线灭菌的差异;通过对比照射距离(20、30 cm)和作用时间(15、30、45、60、75、90 s)考察远紫外线对常见致病菌的表面杀菌率并判断其杀菌能力;将常见致病菌接种至液体培养基中,考察远紫外线对液体中细菌的灭菌效果;以222 nm远紫外线无间断照射小鼠8 h后观察其临床状态、血常规和皮肤组织学变化,初步判断远紫外线长时间照射对机体的安全性。【结果】与阴性对照组相比,阳性对照组培养基上观察到多种细菌,而远紫外组培养基上无细菌定植。222 nm远紫外线无间断照射30 min可杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌,照射15 s杀菌率即可高达99.9%。距离20 cm照射222 nm远紫外线的杀菌效果普遍优于距离30 cm照射的杀菌效果。液体杀菌效果评价中,远紫外线的灭菌效果欠佳。小鼠安全性试验结果表明,222 nm远紫外线无间断照射小鼠8 h对其临床症状、内脏器官、血常规及皮肤组织无明显影响,而传统紫外可能会对其造成损伤。【结论】222 nm远紫外线对常见致病菌的表面定植有极强的杀灭作用,杀菌率在15 s即可高达99.9%,且照射距离与杀菌效果成正比,但对液体杀菌效果仍有待改进和提升,且连续照射8 h不会对小鼠的临床状态、血常规和皮肤组织学造成明显影响,有良好的安全性,为环境中疾病防控提供了一个新的方案。

关键词: 222 nm远紫外线; 环境消毒; 杀菌效果; 安全性评价

Abstract: 【Objective】 The spread of pathogenic bacteria in the environment was an urgent problem to be solved in the prevention and control of current diseases. Traditional ultraviolet (254 nm) was the main mode of environmental disinfection at present, which was limited due to its irreversible damage to the immune system, skin and eyes, so exploring an uninterrupted, safe and effective means of disinfection was a promising study. 【Method】 A poor site was selected to investigate the effect of uninterrupted irradiation with 222 nm far-ultraviolet light for 8 h on the elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, in which the negative control group was not treated, the positive control group was placed openly, and the far-ultraviolet group was irradiated with the far-ultraviolet light from a distance of 30 cm at the same time as it was placed openly. The common clinical pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) were coated with continuous irradiation for 30 min, and negative and positive control groups were set up, so as to compare the difference between the far-ultraviolet rays and the traditional ultraviolet rays. The surface bactericidal effect of the far-ultraviolet rays on the common pathogenic bacteria was examined by comparing the irradiation distances (20 and 30 cm) and the action times (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 s). Common pathogenic bacteria were inoculated into liquid culture medium to investigate the bactericidal effect of ultraviolet radiation on bacteria in the liquid. After uninterrupted irradiation of mice with 222 nm far-ultraviolet radiation for 8 h, the clinical status, blood routine, and skin histological changes were observed to preliminarily determine the safety of far-ultraviolet radiation on the body.【Result】 Compared with the negative control group, a variety of bacteria were observed on the culture medium of the positive control group, while no bacteria were colonized on the culture medium of the far-ultraviolet group. By continuously irradiating with 222 nm far-ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli could be killed. The bactericidal rate could reach 99.9% after 15 s of irradiation. The bactericidal effect of 222 nm far-ultraviolet light irradiated at a distance of 20 cm was generally better than that irradiated at a distance of 30 cm. In the liquid bactericidal evaluation, the sterilizing effect of far-ultraviolet light was not good. The results of the safety test in mice showed that the uninterrupted irradiation of 222 nm far-ultraviolet light for 8 h had no significant effect on the clinical symptoms, internal organs, blood and skin tissues of the mice, while the traditional ultraviolet light might cause damage to them. 【Conclusion】 222 nm far-ultraviolet light had a strong bactericidal effect on the surface colonization of common pathogenic bacteria, and the bactericidal rate could be as high as 99.9% in 15 s. The irradiation distance was directly proportional to the bactericidal effect, but the bactericidal effect on the liquid still needed to be improved and upgraded. Moreover, the continuous irradiation for 8 h would not have a significant effect on the clinical status, blood routine and skin histology of mice, and it had a good safety, providing a new solution for the prevention and control of the disease in the environment.

Key words: 222 nm far-ultraviolet; environmental disinfection; bactericidal effect; safety evaluation

中图分类号:

S851.36

相亦飞, 马箐阳, 钟雅文, 朱树馨, 何睿妮, 韦华, 张海山, 刘城志, 宁俊凯, 何家康. 222 nm远紫外线的杀菌作用及安全性评价[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(7): 3109-3117.

XIANG Yifei, MA Qingyang, ZHONG Yawen, ZHU Shuxin, HE Ruini, WEI Hua, ZHANG Haishan, LIU Chengzhi, NING Junkai, HE Jiakang. Bactericidal Effect and Safety Evaluation of 222 nm Far-ultraviolet[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 3109-3117.

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